Question 1

What coenzyme would be required in the following reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+ 
B)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
C)  biotin 
D)  lipoic acid 
E)  coenzyme A 
A)  NAD+ 
B)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
C)  biotin 
D)  lipoic acid 
E)  coenzyme A

Question 2

Solar energy is converted to the chemical energy of organic molecules by ____, and ____ recover this energy by metabolizing the organic substrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  photoautotrophs; heterotrophs 
B)  heterotrophs; chemoautotrophs 
C)  chemoautotrophs; heterotrophs 
D)  photoautotrophs; chemoautotrophs 
E)  none are true. 
A)  photoautotrophs; heterotrophs 
B)  heterotrophs; chemoautotrophs 
C)  chemoautotrophs; heterotrophs 
D)  photoautotrophs; chemoautotrophs 
E)  none are true.

Question 3

One advantage of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the investigation of metabolism is that it utilizes:

Accepted Answer

A)  radioisotopes. 
B)  specific metabolic inhibitors. 
C)  autoradiography. 
D)  non-invasive techniques. 
E)  none are true. 
A)  radioisotopes. 
B)  specific metabolic inhibitors. 
C)  autoradiography. 
D)  non-invasive techniques. 
E)  none are true.

Question 4

In the case of shared anabolic and catabolic pathways, the ____ serve as the points of regulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  largest enzymes 
B)  ATP producing enzymes 
C)  NADH utilizing enzymes 
D)  rate-limiting enzymes 
E)  all are true 
A)  largest enzymes 
B)  ATP producing enzymes 
C)  NADH utilizing enzymes 
D)  rate-limiting enzymes 
E)  all are true

Question 5

Which vitamin is essential to vision?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  C 
C)  D2 
D)  B12 
E)  B1 
A)  A 
B)  C 
C)  D2 
D)  B12 
E)  B1

Question 6

Photoheterotrophs require:

Accepted Answer

A)  organic carbon sources and light. 
B)  carbon dioxide and light. 
C)  organic carbon sources and oxidation-reduction reactions. 
D)  carbon dioxide and inorganic compounds. 
E)  carbon dioxide and oxidation-reduction reactions. 
A)  organic carbon sources and light. 
B)  carbon dioxide and light. 
C)  organic carbon sources and oxidation-reduction reactions. 
D)  carbon dioxide and inorganic compounds. 
E)  carbon dioxide and oxidation-reduction reactions.

Question 7

All of the coenzymes listed participate in electron transfer EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  FAD. 
B)  biotin. 
C)  NAD+. 
D)  vitamin C. 
E)  lipoic acid. 
A)  FAD. 
B)  biotin. 
C)  NAD+. 
D)  vitamin C. 
E)  lipoic acid.

Question 8

What coenzyme would be required in the following reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADP 
B)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
C)  biotin 
D)  lipoic acid 
E)  coenzyme A 
A)  ADP 
B)  thiamine pyrophosphate 
C)  biotin 
D)  lipoic acid 
E)  coenzyme A

Question 9

Discuss fluxomics and the fluxome.​

Accepted Answer

The quantitative study of metabolite flo

Question 10

Unsaturated fatty acids in membranes are particularly susceptible to ____ and vitamin E may provide protection because it is a potent ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation; antioxidant 
B)  reduction; reducing agent 
C)  reduction; reducing agent. 
D)  substitution; reactant. 
E)  substitution; reactant 
A)  oxidation; antioxidant 
B)  reduction; reducing agent 
C)  reduction; reducing agent. 
D)  substitution; reactant. 
E)  substitution; reactant

Question 11

Retinol and the carotenoids follow the pathways of ____ digestion and absorption.

Accepted Answer

A)  complex carbohydrates 
B)  proteins 
C)  simple sugars 
D)  nucleic acids 
E)  lipids 
A)  complex carbohydrates 
B)  proteins 
C)  simple sugars 
D)  nucleic acids 
E)  lipids

Question 12

When carbohydrate intake is low, ____ are formed from acetate units to provide metabolic fuel for the ____ and other tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids; liver 
B)  ketone bodies; brain 
C)  ketone bodies; liver 
D)  amino acids; brain 
E)  sterols; heart 
A)  fatty acids; liver 
B)  ketone bodies; brain 
C)  ketone bodies; liver 
D)  amino acids; brain 
E)  sterols; heart

Question 13

Cholecalciferol is hydroxylated twice to form ____ that acts like a ____ to regulate ____ and ____ metabolism.

Accepted Answer

A)  24,25-hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D-binding protein; calcium; chloride 
B)  ergosterol; vitamin D-binding protein; sodium; calcium 
C)  7-dehydrocholesterol; hormone; calcium; phosphate 
D)  1,25-dihydroxycolecarciferol; prehormone; sodium; phosphate 
E)  1,25-dihydroxycolecarciferol; hormone; calcium; phosphate 
A)  24,25-hydroxyvitamin D; vitamin D-binding protein; calcium; chloride 
B)  ergosterol; vitamin D-binding protein; sodium; calcium 
C)  7-dehydrocholesterol; hormone; calcium; phosphate 
D)  1,25-dihydroxycolecarciferol; prehormone; sodium; phosphate 
E)  1,25-dihydroxycolecarciferol; hormone; calcium; phosphate

Question 14

When an individual has a ____ nitrogen balance, excess dietary protein is converted into ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative; energy 
B)  positive; energy 
C)  negative; nucleic acids 
D)  positive; protein for storage 
E)  both b and d are true 
A)  negative; energy 
B)  positive; energy 
C)  negative; nucleic acids 
D)  positive; protein for storage 
E)  both b and d are true

Question 15

In prokaryotic cells, phospholipid synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation are carried out in:

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membranes. 
B)  cytosol. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  ribosomes. 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  plasma membranes. 
B)  cytosol. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  ribosomes. 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 16

What is a characteristic difference between FAD and NAD+?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than FAD. 
B)  Only FAD participates in oxidation-reduction reactions. 
C)  NAD+ binds tightly to its enzyme while FAD only binds loosely. 
D)  NAD+ transfers two electrons while FAD can transfer one or two. 
E)  NAD+ is re-oxidized easily by molecular oxygen while FAD is not. 
A)  NAD+ is a stronger oxidizing agent than FAD. 
B)  Only FAD participates in oxidation-reduction reactions. 
C)  NAD+ binds tightly to its enzyme while FAD only binds loosely. 
D)  NAD+ transfers two electrons while FAD can transfer one or two. 
E)  NAD+ is re-oxidized easily by molecular oxygen while FAD is not.

Question 17

When dietary carbohydrate consumption exceeds the energy needs of the individual, excess carbohydrate is converted to ____ and ____ for energy storage.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids; glucose 
B)  fructose; triacylglycerols 
C)  triacylglycerols; glycogen 
D)  glycogen; protein 
E)  none of the above. 
A)  amino acids; glucose 
B)  fructose; triacylglycerols 
C)  triacylglycerols; glycogen 
D)  glycogen; protein 
E)  none of the above.

Question 18

All are coenzymes with an adenine nucleotide portion EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  Coenzyme A. 
D)  FADH2. 
E)  FMNH2. 
A)  ATP. 
B)  NADH. 
C)  Coenzyme A. 
D)  FADH2. 
E)  FMNH2.

Question 19

Metabolon characteristics include all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  "units of metabolism". 
B)  discrete multienzyme complex. 
C)  soluble enzymes associated into stable multienzyme complexes. 
D)  membrane bound multienzyme systems. 
E)  all are characteristics. 
A)  "units of metabolism". 
B)  discrete multienzyme complex. 
C)  soluble enzymes associated into stable multienzyme complexes. 
D)  membrane bound multienzyme systems. 
E)  all are characteristics.

Question 20

All are true about the relationship between catabolism and anabolism EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  They occur simultaneously. 
B)  Products of one process provide substrates for the other. 
C)  They occur in many of the same organelles. 
D)  The generation of ATP by catabolism provides the energy required by anabolism. 
E)  Anabolism is endergonic while catabolism is exergonic. 
A)  They occur simultaneously. 
B)  Products of one process provide substrates for the other. 
C)  They occur in many of the same organelles. 
D)  The generation of ATP by catabolism provides the energy required by anabolism. 
E)  Anabolism is endergonic while catabolism is exergonic.

Exam 17: Metabolism: an Overview

What coenzyme would be required in the following reaction?

Solar energy is converted to the chemical energy of organic molecules by ____, and ____ recover this energy by metabolizing the organic substrates.

One advantage of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for the investigation of metabolism is that it utilizes:

In the case of shared anabolic and catabolic pathways, the ____ serve as the points of regulation.

Which vitamin is essential to vision?

Photoheterotrophs require:

All of the coenzymes listed participate in electron transfer EXCEPT:

What coenzyme would be required in the following reaction?

Discuss fluxomics and the fluxome.​

Unsaturated fatty acids in membranes are particularly susceptible to ____ and vitamin E may provide protection because it is a potent ____.

Retinol and the carotenoids follow the pathways of ____ digestion and absorption.

When carbohydrate intake is low, ____ are formed from acetate units to provide metabolic fuel for the ____ and other tissue.

Cholecalciferol is hydroxylated twice to form ____ that acts like a ____ to regulate ____ and ____ metabolism.

When an individual has a ____ nitrogen balance, excess dietary protein is converted into ____.

In prokaryotic cells, phospholipid synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation are carried out in:

What is a characteristic difference between FAD and NAD+?

When dietary carbohydrate consumption exceeds the energy needs of the individual, excess carbohydrate is converted to ____ and ____ for energy storage.

All are coenzymes with an adenine nucleotide portion EXCEPT:

Metabolon characteristics include all EXCEPT:

All are true about the relationship between catabolism and anabolism EXCEPT:

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

Solar energy is converted to the chemical energy of organic molecules by , and recover this energy by metabolizing the organic substrates.

Discuss fluxomics and the fluxome.

Unsaturated fatty acids in membranes are particularly susceptible to and vitamin E may provide protection because it is a potent .

When carbohydrate intake is low, are formed from acetate units to provide metabolic fuel for the and other tissue.

Cholecalciferol is hydroxylated twice to form that acts like a to regulate and metabolism.

When an individual has a nitrogen balance, excess dietary protein is converted into .

What is a characteristic difference between FAD and NAD⁺?

When dietary carbohydrate consumption exceeds the energy needs of the individual, excess carbohydrate is converted to and for energy storage.