Question 1

The Great Strike of 1877 involved workers in which industry?

Accepted Answer

A)  Railroads 
B)  Coal 
C)  Steel 
D)  Copper 
A)  Railroads 
B)  Coal 
C)  Steel 
D)  Copper

Question 2

For this question,refer to the following excerpt from a cookbook that won a prize from the American Public Health Association in 1890. For family of six,average price 78 cents per day,or 13 cents per person.
)..I am going to consider myself as talking to the mother of a family who has six mouths to feed,and no more money than this to do it with.Perhaps this woman has never kept accurate accounts....I have in mind the wife [who has] time to attend to the housework and children.If a woman helps earn,as in a factory,doing most of her housework after she comes home at night,she must certainly have more money than in the first case in order to accomplish the same result....
[Sample spring menu]
Breakfast.Milk Toast.Coffee.
Dinner.Stuffed Beef's Heart.Potatoes stewed with Milk.Dried Apple Pie.Bread and Cheese.Corn Coffee.
Supper.Noodle Soup (from Saturday).Boiled Herring.Bread.Tea.
Mary Hinman Abel,Promoting Nutrition,1890
Which of the following groups or movements during the period from 1900 to 1920 had objectives that were most similar to those described in the excerpt?

Accepted Answer

A)  The settlement house movement 
B)  African American activists 
C)  Opponents of child labor 
D)  Organized labor 
A)  The settlement house movement 
B)  African American activists 
C)  Opponents of child labor 
D)  Organized labor

Question 3

Why did Chinese immigrants come to the United States in the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were motivated by poverty and upheaval in southern China. 
B)  Chinese immigrants came to open laundry businesses in American cities. 
C)  The burgeoning population of China created widespread famine and shortages. 
D)  Chinese men sought jobs as indentured servants in the houses of rich Californians. 
A)  They were motivated by poverty and upheaval in southern China. 
B)  Chinese immigrants came to open laundry businesses in American cities. 
C)  The burgeoning population of China created widespread famine and shortages. 
D)  Chinese men sought jobs as indentured servants in the houses of rich Californians.

Question 4

Which of the national labor organizations that formed after 1865 do you think was the most successful? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

In the early twentieth century,it became

Question 5

The United States had become the leading steel producer in the world by 1900 because of

Accepted Answer

A)  incorporation. 
B)  government subsidies. 
C)  the transportation revolution. 
D)  the Bessemer process. 
A)  incorporation. 
B)  government subsidies. 
C)  the transportation revolution. 
D)  the Bessemer process.

Question 6

Answer the following  questions :
-Homestead lockout

Accepted Answer

A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers. 
A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers.

Question 7

In terms of membership,the Knights of Labor discriminated

Accepted Answer

A)  by ethnicity. 
B)  against women. 
C)  against unskilled laborers. 
D)  by excluding the Chinese. 
A)  by ethnicity. 
B)  against women. 
C)  against unskilled laborers. 
D)  by excluding the Chinese.

Question 8

Answer the following  questions :
-scientific management

Accepted Answer

A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers. 
A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers.

Question 9

Answer the following  questions :
-Greenback-Labor Party

Accepted Answer

A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers. 
A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers.

Question 10

Which of the following policies did the Greenback-Labor Party support in the 1870s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ending Reconstruction 
B)  The gold standard 
C)  The graduated income tax 
D)  Increased money supply 
A)  Ending Reconstruction 
B)  The gold standard 
C)  The graduated income tax 
D)  Increased money supply

Question 11

Answer the following  questions :
-trust

Accepted Answer

A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers. 
A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers.

Question 12

"It looks to me like slavery to have a man stand over you with a stop watch." This statement by an iron molder refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  scientific management. 
B)  industrial unionism. 
C)  yellow-dog contracts. 
D)  working conditions for breaker boys. 
A)  scientific management. 
B)  industrial unionism. 
C)  yellow-dog contracts. 
D)  working conditions for breaker boys.

Question 13

The federal government responded to the problem of discrimination against the Chinese in nineteenth-century California by

Accepted Answer

A)  barring Chinese immigration to the United States in 1882. 
B)  passing a civil rights law that protected them from anti-immigrant violence. 
C)  establishing a quota limiting Chinese immigration to 10,000 per year. 
D)  paying white workers higher wages to do agricultural work. 
A)  barring Chinese immigration to the United States in 1882. 
B)  passing a civil rights law that protected them from anti-immigrant violence. 
C)  establishing a quota limiting Chinese immigration to 10,000 per year. 
D)  paying white workers higher wages to do agricultural work.

Question 14

Answer the following  questions :
-horizontal integration

Accepted Answer

A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers. 
A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers.

Question 15

What factors prompted the emergence of the labor movement? In what ways did farmers and industrial workers cooperate?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Emergenc

Question 16

Answer the following  questions :
-Granger laws

Accepted Answer

A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers. 
A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers.

Question 17

What were the long-term consequences of Chinese exclusion for U.S.immigration policy?

Accepted Answer

- Long-Term Consequences: Exclusion laws

Question 18

Answer the following  questions :
-Haymarket Square

Accepted Answer

A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers. 
A) The 1892 barring of workers at the Homestead,Pennsylvania,steel mill after Andrew Carnegie refused to renew the union contract.Union supporters attacked the guards hired to close them out and protect strikebreakers who had been employed by the mill,but the National Guard soon suppressed this resistance and Homestead,like other steel plants,became a non-union mill. 
B) An internal management structure adopted by many large,complex corporations that distinguished top executives from those responsible for day-to-day operations and departmentalized operations by function. 
C) A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products."Robber barons" or industrial innovators such as Gustavus Swift and Andrew Carnegie pioneered this business form at the end of the Civil War. 
D) A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.John D.Rockefeller of Standard Oil pioneered this business model. 
E) A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms,managing them as a single entity.These groups quickly evolved into other centralized business forms,but progressive critics continued to refer to giant firms like United States Steel and Standard Oil by this term.
F)Andrew Carnegie's argument that corporate leaders' success showed their "fitness" to lead society,and that poverty demonstrated,on the contrary,lack of "fitness" to compete in the new economy.Carnegie advocated,however,that wealthy men should use their fortunes for the public good.
G)The elimination of skilled labor under a new system of mechanized manufacturing,in which workers completed discrete,small-scale tasks rather than crafting an entire product.With the elimination of skilled labor,employers found they could pay workers less and replace them more easily.
H)A system of organizing work developed by Frederick W.Taylor in the late nineteenth century.It was designed to coax maximum output from the individual worker,increase efficiency,and reduce production costs.
I)A nickname for the former Confederate states,used by boosters to describe the region's economic diversification and growth of industrial jobs in the post-Civil War era.Due to the region's poverty,many of those industries were extractive (such as coal and timber)and some (like textiles)were low-wage and involved considerable child labor.
J)The 1882 law that barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.It continued in effect until the 1940s.
K)A nationwide strike of thousands of railroad workers and labor allies,who protested the growing power of railroad corporations and the steep wage cuts imposed by railroad managers amid a severe economic depression that had begun in 1873.
L)A national political movement calling on the government to increase the money supply in order to assist borrowers and foster economic growth;Members of this party also called for greater regulation of corporations and laws enforcing an eight-hour workday.
M)The argument that real economic wealth is created by workers who make their living by physical labor,such as farmers and craftsmen,and that merchants,lawyers,bankers,and other middlemen unfairly gain their wealth from such "producers."
N)Economic regulatory laws passed in some midwestern states in the late 1870s,trigged by pressure from farmers and the Greenback-Labor Party.
O)The first mass labor organization created among America's working class.Founded in 1869 and peaking in strength in the mid-1880s,this organization attempted to bridge boundaries of ethnicity,gender,ideology,race,and occupation to build a "universal brotherhood" of all workers.
P)The advocacy of a stateless society achieved by revolutionary means.Feared for their views,advocates of this ideology became scapegoats for the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing.
Q)The May 4,1886 conflict in Chicago in which both workers and policemen were killed or wounded during a labor demonstration called by local anarchists.The incident created a backlash against all labor organizations,including the Knights of Labor.
R)A rural movement founded in Texas during the depression of the 1870s that spread across the plains states and the South.This group advocated cooperative stores and exchanges that would circumvent middlemen,and it called for greater government aid to farmers and stricter regulation of railroads.
S)An 1887 act that created a commission of the same name,a federal regulatory agency designed to oversee the railroad industry and prevent collusion and unfair rates.
T)Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.Like other trade unions,this group called for the closed shop-all employees had to be union members-to keep out low-wage competition and strengthen unions' bargaining power with employers.

Question 19

What did the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Homestead Strike of 1892 have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  Government troops helped put down both strikes. 
B)  The American Railway Union led both strikes. 
C)  The leaders of both strikes were jailed. 
D)  The American public supported the strikers. 
A)  Government troops helped put down both strikes. 
B)  The American Railway Union led both strikes. 
C)  The leaders of both strikes were jailed. 
D)  The American public supported the strikers.

Question 20

Which of the following resulted from industrialization in the decades after the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A)  A shortage of agricultural products 
B)  Slowing immigration 
C)  A higher standard of living 
D)  Rapid price inflation 
A)  A shortage of agricultural products 
B)  Slowing immigration 
C)  A higher standard of living 
D)  Rapid price inflation

Exam 16: Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

The Great Strike of 1877 involved workers in which industry?

Why did Chinese immigrants come to the United States in the nineteenth century?

Which of the national labor organizations that formed after 1865 do you think was the most successful? Explain your answer.

The United States had become the leading steel producer in the world by 1900 because of

Answer the following questions : -Homestead lockout

In terms of membership,the Knights of Labor discriminated

Answer the following questions : -scientific management

Answer the following questions : -Greenback-Labor Party

Which of the following policies did the Greenback-Labor Party support in the 1870s?

Answer the following questions : -trust

"It looks to me like slavery to have a man stand over you with a stop watch." This statement by an iron molder refers to

The federal government responded to the problem of discrimination against the Chinese in nineteenth-century California by

Answer the following questions : -horizontal integration

What factors prompted the emergence of the labor movement? In what ways did farmers and industrial workers cooperate?

Answer the following questions : -Granger laws

What were the long-term consequences of Chinese exclusion for U.S.immigration policy?

Answer the following questions : -Haymarket Square

What did the Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Homestead Strike of 1892 have in common?

Which of the following resulted from industrialization in the decades after the Civil War?

Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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