Question 1

Who replaced the Lowell Mill workers when they refused in the 1830s to work until conditions improved?

Accepted Answer

A)  Women workers 
B)  Irish immigrants 
C)  German immigrants 
D)  Free blacks 
A)  Women workers 
B)  Irish immigrants 
C)  German immigrants 
D)  Free blacks

Question 2

How did Thomas Jefferson respond to the development of American manufacturing by the 1820s?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jefferson took a theoretical interest in industrial machinery but was indifferent to its practical application. 
B)  He continued to warn against the danger of encouraging industrialization at the expense of wholesome rural life. 
C)  He praised industrialization and expressed pride in American progress in manufacturing. 
D)  Jefferson enthusiastically supported industrialization from the time of his presidency until his death. 
A)  Jefferson took a theoretical interest in industrial machinery but was indifferent to its practical application. 
B)  He continued to warn against the danger of encouraging industrialization at the expense of wholesome rural life. 
C)  He praised industrialization and expressed pride in American progress in manufacturing. 
D)  Jefferson enthusiastically supported industrialization from the time of his presidency until his death.

Question 3

Define the gang-labor system that emerged in the post-American Revolution South.How did it differ from previous labor systems employed in the South? What effects did it have?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Definiti

Question 4

Answer the following  questions :
-chattel principle

Accepted Answer

A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits. 
A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits.

Question 5

Answer the following  questions :
-gang-labor system

Accepted Answer

A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits. 
A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits.

Question 6

Answer the following  questions :
-mechanics

Accepted Answer

A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits. 
A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits.

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes transportation in the trans-Appalachian West in the early nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  Western canal and turnpike building depended heavily on federal government subsidies. 
B)  Water transport was the quickest and cheapest way to get goods to market. 
C)  New Orleans replaced Cincinnati and St.Louis as the major western transportation hub. 
D)  Transportation improvements allowed western settlers to live as well as easterners. 
A)  Western canal and turnpike building depended heavily on federal government subsidies. 
B)  Water transport was the quickest and cheapest way to get goods to market. 
C)  New Orleans replaced Cincinnati and St.Louis as the major western transportation hub. 
D)  Transportation improvements allowed western settlers to live as well as easterners.

Question 8

Between 1820 and 1840,the economic conditions for casual day laborers in American cities changed in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditions improved because they were in high demand and gained greater geographical mobility. 
B)  Their economic conditions held steady,neither improving nor worsening. 
C)  Casual day laborers bore the brunt of unemployment during business depressions. 
D)  They improved slightly but only because of high levels of middle-class charity. 
A)  Conditions improved because they were in high demand and gained greater geographical mobility. 
B)  Their economic conditions held steady,neither improving nor worsening. 
C)  Casual day laborers bore the brunt of unemployment during business depressions. 
D)  They improved slightly but only because of high levels of middle-class charity.

Question 9

Which of these statements describes southern rice planters of the mid-nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy. 
B)  Rice planters avoided selling slaves or working slaves harshly. 
C)  Rice planters occupied the bottom rung of the plantation aristocracy. 
D)  They lived only in the Upper South. 
A)  They were at the apex of the plantation aristocracy. 
B)  Rice planters avoided selling slaves or working slaves harshly. 
C)  Rice planters occupied the bottom rung of the plantation aristocracy. 
D)  They lived only in the Upper South.

Question 10

Why did the emancipation of slaves proceed very slowly in the northern states during and after the Revolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  The northern states gave priority to slaveholders' property rights so that emancipation often was spaced out over several slave generations. 
B)  Very few northerners saw any contradiction between extolling freedom for themselves and slavery for African Americans. 
C)  Slaves were threatening violence in the northern states,leading whites to retreat from their earlier support for emancipation. 
D)  Economically,slavery was becoming more viable and profitable in the North in the 1770s and early 1780s. 
A)  The northern states gave priority to slaveholders' property rights so that emancipation often was spaced out over several slave generations. 
B)  Very few northerners saw any contradiction between extolling freedom for themselves and slavery for African Americans. 
C)  Slaves were threatening violence in the northern states,leading whites to retreat from their earlier support for emancipation. 
D)  Economically,slavery was becoming more viable and profitable in the North in the 1770s and early 1780s.

Question 11

Which slaves became free as a result of the Virginia legislature's passage of a manumission act in 1782?

Accepted Answer

A)  All slaves over the age of forty-five 
B)  Those who had supported the Patriot cause 
C)  Any slave who could read and write 
D)  Those whose masters chose to free them 
A)  All slaves over the age of forty-five 
B)  Those who had supported the Patriot cause 
C)  Any slave who could read and write 
D)  Those whose masters chose to free them

Question 12

Which of these factors was the critical stimulus for the growth of domestic American markets in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in the number of large factories 
B)  Better transportation networks 
C)  The national bank's loan policy 
D)  The national government's economic subsidies 
A)  An increase in the number of large factories 
B)  Better transportation networks 
C)  The national bank's loan policy 
D)  The national government's economic subsidies

Question 13

How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  By giving tax breaks to large businesses 
B)  By building canals 
C)  By passing protective tariffs 
D)  By prohibiting labor unions 
A)  By giving tax breaks to large businesses 
B)  By building canals 
C)  By passing protective tariffs 
D)  By prohibiting labor unions

Question 14

How did the aristocratic republicanism of the South differ from the democratic republicanism of the North? How did slavery affect the culture and values of the white population of the South?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Aristocr

Question 15

How would you explain the large and expanding domestic trade in slaves between 1800 and 1860? What combination of factors produced this result?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Supply:

Question 16

Answer the following  questions :
-Industrial Revolution

Accepted Answer

A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits. 
A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits.

Question 17

Which of the following areas is correctly matched with its primary crop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chesapeake-rice 
B)  Carolina low country-hemp 
C)  Louisiana-sugar 
D)  Kentucky and Tennessee-cotton 
A)  Chesapeake-rice 
B)  Carolina low country-hemp 
C)  Louisiana-sugar 
D)  Kentucky and Tennessee-cotton

Question 18

Explain how the republican ideas of the Revolutionary era shaped American society and culture in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.What regional differences in the social development of republicanism emerged? How can you account for these differences?

Accepted Answer

Answer would ideally include:
- Republic

Question 19

Answer the following  questions :
-labor theory of value

Accepted Answer

A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits. 
A) A system of government-assisted economic development embraced by republican state legislatures throughout the nation,especially in the Northeast.This system of activist government encouraged private entrepreneurs to seek individual opportunity and the public welfare through market exchange. 
B) First major economic crisis of the United States.Farmers and planters faced an abrupt 30 percent drop in world agricultural prices,and as farmers' income declined,they could not pay debts owed to stores and banks,many of which went bankrupt. 
C) The republican system of political economy created by state governments by 1820,whereby states funneled aid to private businesses whose projects would improve the general welfare. 
D) The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.This shift reflected the increased output of farms (including cotton plantations)and factories,the entrepreneurial activities of traders and merchants,and the creation of a transportation network of roads,canals,and railroads. 
E) A 364-mile waterway connecting the Hudson River and Lake Erie.This waterway brought prosperity to the entire Great Lakes region,and its benefits prompted civic and business leaders in Philadelphia and Baltimore to propose canals to link their cities to the Midwest.
F)A burst of major inventions and economic expansion based on water and steam power and the use of machine technology that transformed certain industries,such as cotton textiles and iron,between 1790 and 1860.
G)The economic system that developed in the first half of the nineteenth century binding together southern cotton production with northern clothmaking,shipping,and capital.
H)A term used in the nineteenth century to refer to skilled craftsmen and inventors who built and improved machinery and machine tools for industry.
I)A system of labor using young women recruited from farm families to work in factories in Lowell,Chicopee,and other sites in Massachusetts and New Hampshire.The women lived in company boardinghouses with strict rules and curfews and were often required to attend church.
J)The practice of ending slavery in the distant future while recognizing white property rights to the slaves they owned.Generally,living slaves were not freed by this practice;it applied only to slaves born after the passage of the statute,and only after they had first labored for their owners for a term of years.
K)The legal act of relinquishing property rights of slaves.Worried that a large free black population would threaten the institution of slavery,the Virginia assembly repealed Virginia's 1782 law regarding this legal act ten years later.
L)The domestic slave trade,with routes along the Atlantic coast that sent thousands of slaves to sugar plantations in Louisiana and cotton plantations in the Mississippi Valley.
M)The slave trade system in the interior of the country that fed slaves to the Cotton South.
N)A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold.
O)The ideology held by slave owners who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves.
P)Cutting,boring,and drilling machines used to produce standardized metal parts,which were then assembled into products such as textile looms and sewing machines.The rapid development of these instruments by American inventors in the early nineteenth century was a factor in the rapid spread of industrialization.
Q)An ideology that celebrated small-scale producers,men and women who owned their own shops (or farms).It defined the ideal republican society as one constituted by,and dedicated to the welfare of,independent workers and citizens.
R)Organizations of workers that began during the Industrial Revolution to bargain with employers over wages,hours,benefits,and control of the workplace.
S)The belief that human labor produces economic value.Adherents argued that the price of a product should be determined not by the market (supply and demand)but by the amount of work required to make it,and that most of the price should be paid to the person who produced it.
T)A system of work discipline used on southern cotton plantations in the mid-nineteenth century in which white overseers or black drivers supervised gangs of enslaved laborers to achieve greater productivity.
U)An economic group of prosperous farmers,artisans,and traders that emerged in the early nineteenth century.Its rise reflected a dramatic increase in prosperity.This surge in income,along with an abundance of inexpensive mass-produced goods,fostered a distinct urban culture.
V)A nineteenth-century ideal that celebrated men who rose to wealth or social prominence from humble origins through self-discipline,hard work,and temperate habits.

Question 20

The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion?

Accepted Answer

A)  A wave of European immigration to the South 
B)  The redistribution of the African American population 
C)  The beginnings of a manumission movement in the South 
D)  An increase in the legal importation of slaves 
A)  A wave of European immigration to the South 
B)  The redistribution of the African American population 
C)  The beginnings of a manumission movement in the South 
D)  An increase in the legal importation of slaves

Exam 8: Economic Transformations, 1800-1848

Who replaced the Lowell Mill workers when they refused in the 1830s to work until conditions improved?

How did Thomas Jefferson respond to the development of American manufacturing by the 1820s?

Define the gang-labor system that emerged in the post-American Revolution South.How did it differ from previous labor systems employed in the South? What effects did it have?

Answer the following questions : -chattel principle

Answer the following questions : -gang-labor system

Answer the following questions : -mechanics

Which of the following statements describes transportation in the trans-Appalachian West in the early nineteenth century?

Between 1820 and 1840,the economic conditions for casual day laborers in American cities changed in which of the following ways?

Which of these statements describes southern rice planters of the mid-nineteenth century?

Why did the emancipation of slaves proceed very slowly in the northern states during and after the Revolution?

Which slaves became free as a result of the Virginia legislature's passage of a manumission act in 1782?

Which of these factors was the critical stimulus for the growth of domestic American markets in the first half of the nineteenth century?

How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century?

How did the aristocratic republicanism of the South differ from the democratic republicanism of the North? How did slavery affect the culture and values of the white population of the South?

How would you explain the large and expanding domestic trade in slaves between 1800 and 1860? What combination of factors produced this result?

Answer the following questions : -Industrial Revolution

Which of the following areas is correctly matched with its primary crop?

Explain how the republican ideas of the Revolutionary era shaped American society and culture in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.What regional differences in the social development of republicanism emerged? How can you account for these differences?

Answer the following questions : -labor theory of value

The cotton boom that began in the 1810s set which of the following results in motion?

Colliding Worlds, 1491-1600

American Experiments, 1521-1700

The British Atlantic World, 1607-1750

Growth, Diversity, and Conflict, 1720-1763

The Problem of Empire, 1754-1776

Making War and Republican Governments, 1776-1789

Hammering Out a Federal Republic, 1787-1820

A Democratic Revolution, 1800-1848

Religion, Reform, and Culture, 1820-1848

Imperial Ambitions, 1820-1848

Sectional Conflict and Crisis, 1844-1860

Bloody Ground: the Civil War, 1861-1865

Reconstruction, 1865-1877

Conquering a Continent, 1860-1890

Industrial America: Corporations and Conflicts, 1877-1910

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917

Civilizations Inferno: the Rise and Reform of Industrial Cities, 1880-1917

Whose Government Politics, Populists, and Progressives, 1880-1917

An Emerging World Power, 1890-1918

Unsettled Prosperity: From War to Depression, 1919-1932

Managing the Great Depression, Forging the New Deal, 1929-1938

The World at War, 1937-1945

Cold War America, 1945-1963

Triumph of the Middle Class, 1945-1963

Walking Into Freedom Land: the Civil Rights Movement, 1941-1973

Uncivil Wars:liberal Crisis and Conservative Rebirth, 1961-1972

The Search for Order in an Era of Limits, 1973-1980

Conservative America in the Ascent, 1980-1991

Confronting Global and National Dilemmas, 1989 to the Present

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