Exam 1: Evolution of Psychological Science-Part C

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Humanistic psychologists called people in treatment "patients" to emphasis the biological nature of psychological disorders.

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Today,most members of the American Psychological Association work in academic settings.

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A majority of psychologists today work in clinical or health-related fields.

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To test his theories,B.F.Skinner raised his daughter in a conditioning chamber,or "Skinner Box."

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Functionalists depended on introspection to study subjective observations of personal experience.

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Functionalists focused their attention on the adaptive features of observable behavior.

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The work of William James was largely influenced by Darwin's theory of natural selection.

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The results of Kenneth Clark's research on the developmental effects of prejudice,discrimination,and segregation on children was cited by the U.S.Supreme Court in the landmark case Brown v.Board of Education,decided in 1954.

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John Watson was largely influenced by the work of Ivan Pavlov.

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Critics of evolutionary psychology argue that evolutionary hypotheses are extremely difficult to test.

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Plato believed that certain types of knowledge are innate or inborn.

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The Gestaltists' view was diametrically opposed to the functionalists' claim that experience can be broken down into separate elements.

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Broca's research was consistent with Descartes' philosophical position that mental processes were grounded in the brain.

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If a behavior is reinforced,it is more likely to occur again.

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John Watson believed that fears were largely innate and the result of our evolutionary history.

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Margaret Floy Washburn was an early female behaviorist who denied the existence of animal minds.

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An advantage of the evolutionary over the behavioral approach to psychology is that evolutionary hypotheses can more easily be tested.

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Most members of the American Psychological Association (APA)are also members of the Association for Psychological Science (APS).

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Attempting to understand the atrocities of the Nazis gave rise,in part,to the field of social psychology.

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In his classic studies on memory,Hermann Ebbinghaus demonstrated that meaningful information is easily forgotten.

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