Exam 16: Treatment of Psychological Disorders-Part B

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Some common psychotherapies are psychoanalysis,person-centered therapy,behavioral therapy,and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Through techniques such as free-association,analysis of dreams and slips,interpretation,and analysis of resistance,psychoanalysts attempt to bring the unconscious forces responsible for the disorder into the consciousness where it can be effectively resolved.At the core of person-centered therapies is the belief that all individuals have an innate tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions by the therapist.Treatment is usually nondirective,as therapists believe individuals themselves are best qualified to set their own treatment goals.Behavior therapies,on the other hand,can be highly structured and assume that a learning component contributes to many psychological disorders.Principles of classical conditioning,such as extinction,can be used to eliminate unwanted emotional responses to specific objects or situations.Principles of operant conditioning,such as positive reinforcement,can be used to establish more desirable behaviors.Cognitive therapies also are structured and systematically examine and correct the distorted thinking that gives rise to many psychological disorders.Finally,cognitive behaviorial therapy (CBT)is a problem-focused combination of cognitive and behavior therapies that has shown to be effective at treating a wide range of psychological disorders. -(Scenario I)The goal of _____ is to _____.

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II It is challenging to conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of treatments for psychological disorders.Although treatments may appear to work,their apparent effectiveness could be due to a number of other factors,termed treatment illusions.Treatments may appear effective due to natural improvement unrelated to the treatment,placebo effects in which the apparent effectiveness of a treatment is due to the expectancy of its effectiveness,and reconstructive memory in which persons remember their symptoms prior to treatment as more severe than they were. -(Scenario II)An introductory psychology student accepts the facts that medications can improve the symptoms of some psychological disorders but thinks that most forms of psychotherapy are effective only because "it's all in the patient's head." In defense of the effectiveness of psychotherapy,a clinical psychologist would NOT make the point that:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II It is challenging to conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of treatments for psychological disorders.Although treatments may appear to work,their apparent effectiveness could be due to a number of other factors,termed treatment illusions.Treatments may appear effective due to natural improvement unrelated to the treatment,placebo effects in which the apparent effectiveness of a treatment is due to the expectancy of its effectiveness,and reconstructive memory in which persons remember their symptoms prior to treatment as more severe than they were. -(Scenario II)A research psychiatrist is studying the effectiveness of a new drug to treat insomnia.Patients with the disorder are studied in a sleep laboratory for one week before the study begins,and the time to fall asleep and the amount of time in each stage of sleep is recorded.Then they are randomly assigned to either the treatment group (which receives a drug)or the placebo group (which receives a placebo pill)and studied in the sleep laboratory for another week.At the end of the study,objective measures improved in both groups but more so in the group that received the treatment.The researcher concludes that the drug is effective at treating insomnia,but a skeptic might wonder if the results are due to natural improvement.The researcher would respond that:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Some common psychotherapies are psychoanalysis,person-centered therapy,behavioral therapy,and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Through techniques such as free-association,analysis of dreams and slips,interpretation,and analysis of resistance,psychoanalysts attempt to bring the unconscious forces responsible for the disorder into the consciousness where it can be effectively resolved.At the core of person-centered therapies is the belief that all individuals have an innate tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions by the therapist.Treatment is usually nondirective,as therapists believe individuals themselves are best qualified to set their own treatment goals.Behavior therapies,on the other hand,can be highly structured and assume that a learning component contributes to many psychological disorders.Principles of classical conditioning,such as extinction,can be used to eliminate unwanted emotional responses to specific objects or situations.Principles of operant conditioning,such as positive reinforcement,can be used to establish more desirable behaviors.Cognitive therapies also are structured and systematically examine and correct the distorted thinking that gives rise to many psychological disorders.Finally,cognitive behaviorial therapy (CBT)is a problem-focused combination of cognitive and behavior therapies that has shown to be effective at treating a wide range of psychological disorders. -(Scenario I)Person-centered therapies are associated with which school of psychology?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II It is challenging to conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of treatments for psychological disorders.Although treatments may appear to work,their apparent effectiveness could be due to a number of other factors,termed treatment illusions.Treatments may appear effective due to natural improvement unrelated to the treatment,placebo effects in which the apparent effectiveness of a treatment is due to the expectancy of its effectiveness,and reconstructive memory in which persons remember their symptoms prior to treatment as more severe than they were. -(Scenario II)The treatment illusion of reconstructive memory is MOST related to which "sin" of memory?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Some common psychotherapies are psychoanalysis,person-centered therapy,behavioral therapy,and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Through techniques such as free-association,analysis of dreams and slips,interpretation,and analysis of resistance,psychoanalysts attempt to bring the unconscious forces responsible for the disorder into the consciousness where it can be effectively resolved.At the core of person-centered therapies is the belief that all individuals have an innate tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions by the therapist.Treatment is usually nondirective,as therapists believe individuals themselves are best qualified to set their own treatment goals.Behavior therapies,on the other hand,can be highly structured and assume that a learning component contributes to many psychological disorders.Principles of classical conditioning,such as extinction,can be used to eliminate unwanted emotional responses to specific objects or situations.Principles of operant conditioning,such as positive reinforcement,can be used to establish more desirable behaviors.Cognitive therapies also are structured and systematically examine and correct the distorted thinking that gives rise to many psychological disorders.Finally,cognitive behaviorial therapy (CBT)is a problem-focused combination of cognitive and behavior therapies that has shown to be effective at treating a wide range of psychological disorders. -(Scenario I)Which technique underlies the others in psychoanalysis?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II It is challenging to conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of treatments for psychological disorders.Although treatments may appear to work,their apparent effectiveness could be due to a number of other factors,termed treatment illusions.Treatments may appear effective due to natural improvement unrelated to the treatment,placebo effects in which the apparent effectiveness of a treatment is due to the expectancy of its effectiveness,and reconstructive memory in which persons remember their symptoms prior to treatment as more severe than they were. -(Scenario II)Treatment for which of these psychological disorders is MOST susceptible to the treatment illusion of natural improvement?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Some common psychotherapies are psychoanalysis,person-centered therapy,behavioral therapy,and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Through techniques such as free-association,analysis of dreams and slips,interpretation,and analysis of resistance,psychoanalysts attempt to bring the unconscious forces responsible for the disorder into the consciousness where it can be effectively resolved.At the core of person-centered therapies is the belief that all individuals have an innate tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions by the therapist.Treatment is usually nondirective,as therapists believe individuals themselves are best qualified to set their own treatment goals.Behavior therapies,on the other hand,can be highly structured and assume that a learning component contributes to many psychological disorders.Principles of classical conditioning,such as extinction,can be used to eliminate unwanted emotional responses to specific objects or situations.Principles of operant conditioning,such as positive reinforcement,can be used to establish more desirable behaviors.Cognitive therapies also are structured and systematically examine and correct the distorted thinking that gives rise to many psychological disorders.Finally,cognitive behaviorial therapy (CBT)is a problem-focused combination of cognitive and behavior therapies that has shown to be effective at treating a wide range of psychological disorders. -(Scenario I)A man in therapy for depression reveals that he feels worthless and inadequate in the presence of women.A behavioral psychologist might:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Some common psychotherapies are psychoanalysis,person-centered therapy,behavioral therapy,and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Through techniques such as free-association,analysis of dreams and slips,interpretation,and analysis of resistance,psychoanalysts attempt to bring the unconscious forces responsible for the disorder into the consciousness where it can be effectively resolved.At the core of person-centered therapies is the belief that all individuals have an innate tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions by the therapist.Treatment is usually nondirective,as therapists believe individuals themselves are best qualified to set their own treatment goals.Behavior therapies,on the other hand,can be highly structured and assume that a learning component contributes to many psychological disorders.Principles of classical conditioning,such as extinction,can be used to eliminate unwanted emotional responses to specific objects or situations.Principles of operant conditioning,such as positive reinforcement,can be used to establish more desirable behaviors.Cognitive therapies also are structured and systematically examine and correct the distorted thinking that gives rise to many psychological disorders.Finally,cognitive behaviorial therapy (CBT)is a problem-focused combination of cognitive and behavior therapies that has shown to be effective at treating a wide range of psychological disorders. -(Scenario I)Which distinction between CBT and traditional psychoanalysis is NOT correct?

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Some common psychotherapies are psychoanalysis,person-centered therapy,behavioral therapy,and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Through techniques such as free-association,analysis of dreams and slips,interpretation,and analysis of resistance,psychoanalysts attempt to bring the unconscious forces responsible for the disorder into the consciousness where it can be effectively resolved.At the core of person-centered therapies is the belief that all individuals have an innate tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions by the therapist.Treatment is usually nondirective,as therapists believe individuals themselves are best qualified to set their own treatment goals.Behavior therapies,on the other hand,can be highly structured and assume that a learning component contributes to many psychological disorders.Principles of classical conditioning,such as extinction,can be used to eliminate unwanted emotional responses to specific objects or situations.Principles of operant conditioning,such as positive reinforcement,can be used to establish more desirable behaviors.Cognitive therapies also are structured and systematically examine and correct the distorted thinking that gives rise to many psychological disorders.Finally,cognitive behaviorial therapy (CBT)is a problem-focused combination of cognitive and behavior therapies that has shown to be effective at treating a wide range of psychological disorders. -(Scenario I)A man in therapy for depression reveals that he feels worthless and inadequate in the presence of women.A cognitive psychologist might:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario I Some common psychotherapies are psychoanalysis,person-centered therapy,behavioral therapy,and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).Through techniques such as free-association,analysis of dreams and slips,interpretation,and analysis of resistance,psychoanalysts attempt to bring the unconscious forces responsible for the disorder into the consciousness where it can be effectively resolved.At the core of person-centered therapies is the belief that all individuals have an innate tendency toward growth and that this growth can be facilitated by acceptance and genuine reactions by the therapist.Treatment is usually nondirective,as therapists believe individuals themselves are best qualified to set their own treatment goals.Behavior therapies,on the other hand,can be highly structured and assume that a learning component contributes to many psychological disorders.Principles of classical conditioning,such as extinction,can be used to eliminate unwanted emotional responses to specific objects or situations.Principles of operant conditioning,such as positive reinforcement,can be used to establish more desirable behaviors.Cognitive therapies also are structured and systematically examine and correct the distorted thinking that gives rise to many psychological disorders.Finally,cognitive behaviorial therapy (CBT)is a problem-focused combination of cognitive and behavior therapies that has shown to be effective at treating a wide range of psychological disorders. -(Scenario I)A woman in therapy for substance abuse disorder for alcohol reveals that she drinks 5 to six 6 a week and consumes over a bottle of wine per drinking day.After establishing that the client was not physically dependent on alcohol and thus in need of immediate medical attention,a person-centered psychologist might:

Use the following to answer questions Scenario II It is challenging to conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of treatments for psychological disorders.Although treatments may appear to work,their apparent effectiveness could be due to a number of other factors,termed treatment illusions.Treatments may appear effective due to natural improvement unrelated to the treatment,placebo effects in which the apparent effectiveness of a treatment is due to the expectancy of its effectiveness,and reconstructive memory in which persons remember their symptoms prior to treatment as more severe than they were. -(Scenario II)A research psychiatrist is studying the effectiveness of a new drug to treat insomnia.Patients with the disorder are studied in a sleep laboratory for 1 week before the study begins,and the time to fall asleep and the amount of time in each stage of sleep is recorded.Then they are given the experimental drug each evening and studied in the sleep laboratory for another week.At the end of the study,symptoms of insomnia lessened considerably.The results would show that the apparent effectiveness of the treatment could NOT be due to: