Exam 9: A: Cognitive Processes

Processes of judgment and decision making do not allow us to deal efficiently with uncertainty.

Since they began watching the news nightly on television,a couple has developed a fear of flying.They are convinced that many more people die in plane crashes than in automobile accidents.Which cognitive strategy is at the root of this false belief?

Jane is working on a puzzle that requires her to work a ring across some pegs to the point where the ring fits on the final black peg.If Jane was focusing on the final black peg of this puzzle,which problem-solving term would be most applicable?

People engaged in analogical problem solving will try to remember similar problems they have experienced in the past and solutions that were successful.

Which term refers to the practice of basing judgments on how easily information comes to mind?

Asia is working on the Wason selection task.She is shown four cards and is testing a rule.What should Asia do to improve her perfromance on this task?

In a demonstration that is described in the textbook,individuals are asked to determine if pairs of numbers are physically different.Why is it typically more difficult for individuals to make these judgments when the numbers are conceptually close together?

Dr.Taylor works in a field of psychology that is very interdisciplinary,combining the knowledge of several academic specialties such as linguistics,philosophy,computer science,and neuroscience.Which field of psychology does Dr.Taylor most likely study?

A coworker always tries to dominate discussions by talking constantly.Unfortunately,most of the time he rambles,peppers his discussion with double-meanings,and uses obscure language that requires a dictionary to understand.Which one of Grice's maxims is being violated?

When decisions turn out badly,one is likely to experience regret.In addition to decisions about one's career path,in what other area do decisions result in the greatest regret?

What problem does one face when using the representativeness heuristic?

The domain of __________ occupies the intersection of philosophy,neuroscience,linguistics,cognitive psychology,and computer science (artificial intelligence).

People are likely to overestimate the absolute number of minority individuals who are involved in criminal activity because the mass media typically overrepresents the number of minority individuals engaged in criminal behaviour.Which term best characterizes this phenomenon?

Regarding language production,quantity,quality,relation,and manner are maxims of __________ .

It is the year 1868 and a research assistant is working in the laboratory of F.C.Donders,a Dutch physiologist.While assisting him in his studies of mental processes,what is the research assistant most likely to observe Dr.Donders doing?

What do studies of decision making demonstrate?

According to the linguistic relativity hypothesis of Sapir and Whorf,the structure of the language an individual speaks has an impact on the way in which that individual thinks about the world.

Dawne has no difficulty listening to music and carrying on a conversation while she drives her car.Once bad weather hits,however,she turns off the music and asks the passengers to be quiet.How are the poor driving conditions affecting Dawne?

A remote tribe has only three colour words.As a result,tribal members are less accurate at discriminating different hues within a category.Who would have most likely predicted such findings?

F)C.Donders developed his technique for studying mental processes more than 130 years ago.Which statement best describes the role his methodology plays in the research of cognitive psychologists today?