Question 1

Who pioneered the behaviourist perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  John Watson 
C)  Mary Calkins 
D)  B. F. Skinner 
A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  John Watson 
C)  Mary Calkins 
D)  B. F. Skinner B

Question 2

Founded by the American philosopher John Dewey,the school of __________ focused on the purposes of behaviour.

Accepted Answer

functionalism

Question 3

Which statement best characterizes the textbook authors' views with respect to the legacy of behaviourism?

Accepted Answer

A) The principles of behaviourism have been widely and successfully applied to human problems. 
B) The principles of behaviourism ultimately fail because they are not based on carefully controlled laboratory experiments. 
C) Behaviourism has been relatively unsuccessful because it places too little emphasis on determining the antecedents and consequences of behaviour. 
D) Behaviourism has been successful because,unlike other perspectives,it has based most of its conclusions on research with human participants. 
A) The principles of behaviourism have been widely and successfully applied to human problems. 
B) The principles of behaviourism ultimately fail because they are not based on carefully controlled laboratory experiments. 
C) Behaviourism has been relatively unsuccessful because it places too little emphasis on determining the antecedents and consequences of behaviour. 
D) Behaviourism has been successful because,unlike other perspectives,it has based most of its conclusions on research with human participants. A

Question 4

Which psychological perspective is supported by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?

Accepted Answer

A) behaviourist 
B) psychodynamic 
C) evolutionary 
D) humanistic 
A) behaviourist 
B) psychodynamic 
C) evolutionary 
D) humanistic

Question 5

What is the central emphasis of the cognitive approach?

Accepted Answer

A) principles of evolution. 
B) human feelings and emotions. 
C) human thought and knowledge. 
D) inner forces that push and pull behaviour. 
A) principles of evolution. 
B) human feelings and emotions. 
C) human thought and knowledge. 
D) inner forces that push and pull behaviour.

Question 6

Imagine that you have a cousin who is a senior in high school and who has started to think about possible careers.All he knows about psychologists is that they are interested in behaviour.Describe for him the opportunities for a career within the field of psychology.What are the different types of psychologists and what kinds of questions do they attempt to answer?

Accepted Answer

Consult Table 1.2 in the text: "The Dive

Question 7

According to research cited in the text,what did Russian students report as the greatest source of conflict among friends?

Accepted Answer

A) romantic competition 
B) disrespectful behaviour 
C) betrayals of confidence 
D) attitudes towards the opposite sex 
A) romantic competition 
B) disrespectful behaviour 
C) betrayals of confidence 
D) attitudes towards the opposite sex

Question 8

When anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski soundly critiqued Freud's father-centered theory by describing the family practices of the Trobriand Islanders of New Guinea,he was showing the value of which perspective?

Accepted Answer

A) sociocultural 
B) cognitive 
C) humanistic 
D) psychodynamic 
A) sociocultural 
B) cognitive 
C) humanistic 
D) psychodynamic

Question 9

The first experimental psychologists were Socrates,Plato and Aristotle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Antecedent environmental conditions and observable consequences that follow from a response are primary matters of concern for psychologists who follow the __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Antecedent environmental conditions and observable consequences that...

Question 11

While rummaging in the attic,a student comes across what appears to be a previously undiscovered early manuscript of Sigmund Freud.Although the student can't read German,which title would the student most likely presume?

Accepted Answer

A) Learning by Doing. 
B) The Technique of Introspection. 
C) The Purposes of Behaviuor. 
D) Unconscious Motivations. 
A) Learning by Doing. 
B) The Technique of Introspection. 
C) The Purposes of Behaviuor. 
D) Unconscious Motivations.

Question 12

Psychological conclusions are based on evidence collected according to the principles of the __________ method.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychological conclusions are based on evidence collected...

Question 13

How are different explanations of behaviour usually judged?

Accepted Answer

A) By how consistent they are with the hypothesis 
B) By how well they combine situational and environmental variables 
C) By how well they can make accurate and comprehensive predictions 
D) By how consistent they are with the experiences of the general public 
A) By how consistent they are with the hypothesis 
B) By how well they combine situational and environmental variables 
C) By how well they can make accurate and comprehensive predictions 
D) By how consistent they are with the experiences of the general public

Question 14

A psychologist who explains a rapist's behaviour in terms of the rapist's displaced hostility toward his mother is most likely to prefer which perspective?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive 
B) humanistic 
C) evolutionary 
D) psychodynamic 
A) cognitive 
B) humanistic 
C) evolutionary 
D) psychodynamic

Question 15

How would a psychologist who favours the behaviourist perspective most likely explain the source of temper tantrums?

Accepted Answer

A) heredity. 
B) maladaptive mental processes. 
C) dysfunctional brain systems. 
D) previous behaviour and its consequences. 
A) heredity. 
B) maladaptive mental processes. 
C) dysfunctional brain systems. 
D) previous behaviour and its consequences.

Question 16

A researcher who is investigating the possibility that some mental illnesses have a genetic basis is most likely being guided by which perspective?

Accepted Answer

A) cultural 
B) biological 
C) humanistic 
D) behaviourist 
A) cultural 
B) biological 
C) humanistic 
D) behaviourist

Question 17

Which statement is MOST consistent with the perspective taken by psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A) Human behaviour is of primary interest. 
B) Mental processes are of less value than observable behaviour. 
C) Observable behaviour and mental processes are of interest. 
D) Theoretically,behaviour should only be studied in a controlled research laboratory. 
A) Human behaviour is of primary interest. 
B) Mental processes are of less value than observable behaviour. 
C) Observable behaviour and mental processes are of interest. 
D) Theoretically,behaviour should only be studied in a controlled research laboratory.

Question 18

John Dewey's approach to education led to an overriding emphasis on the importance of rote learning and encouraged teachers to instruct their pupils through "drill and practice."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which psychological goal is achieved when therapeutic programs are designed to help people substitute more positive behaviours for negative behaviours?

Accepted Answer

A) control 
B) prediction 
C) explanation 
D) description 
A) control 
B) prediction 
C) explanation 
D) description

Question 20

To investigate behaviour,researchers may use different levels of analysis.Which research question exemplifies the narrowest,most specific level of analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) What are the causes of mental illness? 
B) Which brain structures are associated with paranoid schizophrenia? 
C) Are food additives responsible for the occurrence of certain types of mental illness? 
D) Are there differences in the prevalence of mental illness in different countries? 
A) What are the causes of mental illness? 
B) Which brain structures are associated with paranoid schizophrenia? 
C) Are food additives responsible for the occurrence of certain types of mental illness? 
D) Are there differences in the prevalence of mental illness in different countries?

Exam 1: A: Psychology and Life

Who pioneered the behaviourist perspective?

Founded by the American philosopher John Dewey,the school of __________ focused on the purposes of behaviour.

Which statement best characterizes the textbook authors' views with respect to the legacy of behaviourism?

Which psychological perspective is supported by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow?

What is the central emphasis of the cognitive approach?

According to research cited in the text,what did Russian students report as the greatest source of conflict among friends?

When anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski soundly critiqued Freud's father-centered theory by describing the family practices of the Trobriand Islanders of New Guinea,he was showing the value of which perspective?

The first experimental psychologists were Socrates,Plato and Aristotle.

Antecedent environmental conditions and observable consequences that follow from a response are primary matters of concern for psychologists who follow the __________ perspective.

While rummaging in the attic,a student comes across what appears to be a previously undiscovered early manuscript of Sigmund Freud.Although the student can't read German,which title would the student most likely presume?

Psychological conclusions are based on evidence collected according to the principles of the __________ method.

How are different explanations of behaviour usually judged?

A psychologist who explains a rapist's behaviour in terms of the rapist's displaced hostility toward his mother is most likely to prefer which perspective?

How would a psychologist who favours the behaviourist perspective most likely explain the source of temper tantrums?

A researcher who is investigating the possibility that some mental illnesses have a genetic basis is most likely being guided by which perspective?

Which statement is MOST consistent with the perspective taken by psychologists?

John Dewey's approach to education led to an overriding emphasis on the importance of rote learning and encouraged teachers to instruct their pupils through "drill and practice."

Which psychological goal is achieved when therapeutic programs are designed to help people substitute more positive behaviours for negative behaviours?

To investigate behaviour,researchers may use different levels of analysis.Which research question exemplifies the narrowest,most specific level of analysis?

Psychology and Life

Research Methods in Psychology

A: Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Evolutionary Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: the Biological Bases of Behaviour

Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

A: Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

Memory

A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Cognitive Processes

A: Memory

Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

A: Cognitive Processes

Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Motivation

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Emotion,stress,and Health

A: Emotion,stress,and Health

Understanding Human Personality

A: Understanding Human Personality

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

A: Social Psychology

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