Exam 9: A: Cognitive Processes

Of all the decisions we make in our lives,we are most likely to express the greatest regret regarding our education and career choices because there are few alternatives from which to choose.

A child is practicing scales on his piano.His mother can't wait until he learns some chords so that she can hear several notes together,rather than one note at a time.In psychological terms,to what are the scales comparable?

In a study described in the textbook,people read passages that put them in the middle of scenes with objects spread around them.They read,for example,"Directly behind you at eye level is an ornate lamp attached to the balcony wall." When asked to recall the details of the scenes,how did the participants respond?

In a study that is described in the textbook,participants carried out two types of reasoning tasks while their brains were undergoing PET scans.What were the results of this study?

What is a spoonerism?

Which form of deductive reasoning was introduced by the Greek philosopher Aristotle over 2,000 years ago?

Jerry's chair has begun to wobble because a screw has gotten a little loose.Jerry puts in a work order to the maintenance department as a means to resolve the problem.Which term refers to Jerry's inability to realize that a dime from his own pocket could also have been used as a means to resolve the problem?

Terri is driving on the 1st of July to a city that she has never visited.There is no place to park and the traffic seems very heavy.As she looks for a parking place,she see streams of people heading toward the main street which has been blocked off to traffic.Not certain of what to make of all this,Terri thinks a few seconds and determines that a parade is imminent.What process has Terri used to arrive at this conclusion?

Debi is learning a complex dance routine but finds all of the details overwhelming.According to the research on problem solving,what should Debi do to improve her performance?

Which of the following is an example of decision making?

Research on the way decisions are framed suggests that framing in terms of gains leads to better decision making than framing in terms of losses.

Bill has just read the sentence,"The man in the back row has green hair." Based on research on propositional representation in memory,will the words "man" and "hair" be represented in memory together?

Participants in an experiment were asked to estimate the duration of Mars' orbit around the sun.What was the average estimation?

Under which condition does belief bias exist?

A(n)__________ is similar to a textbook problem in which initial state,goal state,and operations are all clearly specified,whereas a(n)__________ may not have a clear intial state,goal state,or clearly defined operations.

Josh is so excited to try surfing tomorrow.He has never tried it before,but he is certain that he will be able to master it because he is a talented skateboarder.Which cognitive strategy is Josh using?

Clay is asked to list in order four countries with respect to their literacy rates,something about which he has no specific knowledge.If Clay's responses are typical,what is the accuracy of his judgment most likely to depend upon?

The task of balancing a checkbook is a good example of a well-defined problem.

Misha is attempting to solve a problem through analogical reasoning.How should Misha increase her chances of being successful?

According to Herbert Simon,what underlies the "bounded rationality" of human thought processes?