Question 1

Amy is a participant in a PET scan study that requires her to answer questions using deductive reasoning.Which part of Amy's brain would show greater activation?

Accepted Answer

A) the right hemisphere 
B) the left hemisphere 
C) the frontal lobe 
D) the occipital lobe 
A) the right hemisphere 
B) the left hemisphere 
C) the frontal lobe 
D) the occipital lobe

Question 2

We can conclude from Philip Tetlock's research that with respect to politics,no one can routinely predict the future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

In a laboratory,a researcher records how long it takes a volunteer to press a button after a light is turned on.Which term refers to this type of measure?

Accepted Answer

A) mental speed. 
B) the subtraction method. 
C) event-related potential. 
D) reaction time. 
A) mental speed. 
B) the subtraction method. 
C) event-related potential. 
D) reaction time.

Question 4

Processes are serial when they overlap in time; processes are parallel when they take place one after the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A question is asked that can have two different meanings.According to psychologists who study language,what information is needed before an appropriate response can be made?

Accepted Answer

A) Information about sentence meaning. 
B) Information about the speaker's meaning. 
C) Information about audience design and sentence meaning. 
D) Information about the individual who is asking the question. 
A) Information about sentence meaning. 
B) Information about the speaker's meaning. 
C) Information about audience design and sentence meaning. 
D) Information about the individual who is asking the question.

Question 6

People tend to judge as valid those conclusions for which they can construct a real-world model,and judge as invalid those for which they cannot.If your prior knowledge,attitudes,or values distort your reasoning process by influencing you to accept invalid arguments,you have fallen victim to the __________ effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People tend to judge as valid those...

Question 7

Which term refers to a step-by-step procedure that always provides the right answer for a particular type of problem?

Accepted Answer

A) availability heuristic 
B) representativeness heuristic 
C) algorithm 
D) anchoring heuristic 
A) availability heuristic 
B) representativeness heuristic 
C) algorithm 
D) anchoring heuristic

Question 8

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf are giving a lecture on the relationship between language and thought.What hypothesis would they most likely put forward?

Accepted Answer

A) there are cross-linguistic differences in thought. 
B) language is primarily a left-brain activity,whereas thought is a dual hemisphere activity. 
C) language processes are primarily learned,while thought processes are primarily inborn. 
D) each member of a language community thinks very differently from every other member of that same community. 
A) there are cross-linguistic differences in thought. 
B) language is primarily a left-brain activity,whereas thought is a dual hemisphere activity. 
C) language processes are primarily learned,while thought processes are primarily inborn. 
D) each member of a language community thinks very differently from every other member of that same community.

Question 9

What can be concluded from the research on the ability of people to engage in deductive reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Individuals generally lack confidence in their deductive reasoning abilities. 
B) Most individuals do not have a general,abstract sense of formal logic. 
C) The use of formal logic is equivalent to real-world deductive reasoning. 
D) The use of deductive reasoning is affected by one's specific knowledge of the world. 
A) Individuals generally lack confidence in their deductive reasoning abilities. 
B) Most individuals do not have a general,abstract sense of formal logic. 
C) The use of formal logic is equivalent to real-world deductive reasoning. 
D) The use of deductive reasoning is affected by one's specific knowledge of the world.

Question 10

When compared to people who tell the truth,what does the research suggest about those who don't?

Accepted Answer

A) liars provide fewer details in their accounts. 
B) liars provide exact details in their accounts. 
C) liars provide more details in their accounts. 
D) liars resort to confabulation. 
A) liars provide fewer details in their accounts. 
B) liars provide exact details in their accounts. 
C) liars provide more details in their accounts. 
D) liars resort to confabulation.

Question 11

Which statement best characterizes the results of research on the claim of linguistic relativity?

Accepted Answer

A) Language may,in some circumstances,have an impact on thought. 
B) Despite years of research,no study has yet been conducted that shows differences in thought that can be connected to differences in language. 
C) It is clear that language differences affect differences in thought processes more than language differences affect differences in culture. 
D) To date,researchers have been unable to discover a methodology that will permit testing of the hypothesis of linguistic relativity. 
A) Language may,in some circumstances,have an impact on thought. 
B) Despite years of research,no study has yet been conducted that shows differences in thought that can be connected to differences in language. 
C) It is clear that language differences affect differences in thought processes more than language differences affect differences in culture. 
D) To date,researchers have been unable to discover a methodology that will permit testing of the hypothesis of linguistic relativity.

Question 12

While Theo is speaking,he is planning his next sentence in his head.Which term best reflects this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) parallel processing 
B) serial processing 
C) conceptual processing 
D) phonological processing 
A) parallel processing 
B) serial processing 
C) conceptual processing 
D) phonological processing

Question 13

Despite the pioneering efforts of F.C.Donders,researchers today rarely use reaction time as a way of testing how some cognitive process is carried out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Herb is a participant in a study of problem solving.To help understand the steps Herb is going through to solve the problem,the researcher has asked him to verbalize his ongoing thoughts.What do researchers studying problem solving call these verbalizations?

Accepted Answer

A) think-aloud protocols. 
B) moment-by-moment introspections. 
C) subvocalizations. 
D) auditory thoughts. 
A) think-aloud protocols. 
B) moment-by-moment introspections. 
C) subvocalizations. 
D) auditory thoughts.

Question 15

In which situation are attentional processes most likely controlled?

Accepted Answer

A) a person signs her name to a traveler's check 
B) a youngster takes his first lesson on the proper golf swing 
C) an adult hops in his car and drives down the road 
D) a waitress listens to customers as she pours their morning coffee 
A) a person signs her name to a traveler's check 
B) a youngster takes his first lesson on the proper golf swing 
C) an adult hops in his car and drives down the road 
D) a waitress listens to customers as she pours their morning coffee

Question 16

Two students are taking a physics test.The optimistic student expects to get an A,while the pessimistic student expects to get a C.When the test results are determined,it happens that they both received Bs.Which outcome is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A) the optimistic student will be happy with her grade. 
B) the pessimistic student will be happy with her grade. 
C) The optimistic student will lower her expectations for the next test. 
D) The pessimistic student will raise her expectations for the next test. 
A) the optimistic student will be happy with her grade. 
B) the pessimistic student will be happy with her grade. 
C) The optimistic student will lower her expectations for the next test. 
D) The pessimistic student will raise her expectations for the next test.

Question 17

Reference points are important in decision making.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What did F.A.Kekulé,who discovered the chemical structure of benzene,Michael Faraday,who discovered many properties of magnetism,and Albert Einstein,the brilliant physicist,have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) They were all assisted in their work by their use of mental imagery. 
B) They were all savants. 
C) They all used verbal mental representations exclusively. 
D) They were all troubled by a unique form of dyslexia. 
A) They were all assisted in their work by their use of mental imagery. 
B) They were all savants. 
C) They all used verbal mental representations exclusively. 
D) They were all troubled by a unique form of dyslexia.

Question 19

A(n)__________ is a step-by-step procedure that always provides the right answer for a particular type of problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)__________ is a step-by-step procedure that always...

Question 20

The distinguished gentleman whispered to the equally distinguished lady,"Madam,your ship is slowing." What does this statement illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) a spoonerism. 
B) what Herbert Clark and Catherine Marshall would call "common knowledge." 
C) Grice's maxim. 
D) inductive reasoning. 
A) a spoonerism. 
B) what Herbert Clark and Catherine Marshall would call "common knowledge." 
C) Grice's maxim. 
D) inductive reasoning.

Exam 9: A: Cognitive Processes

Amy is a participant in a PET scan study that requires her to answer questions using deductive reasoning.Which part of Amy's brain would show greater activation?

We can conclude from Philip Tetlock's research that with respect to politics,no one can routinely predict the future.

In a laboratory,a researcher records how long it takes a volunteer to press a button after a light is turned on.Which term refers to this type of measure?

Processes are serial when they overlap in time; processes are parallel when they take place one after the other.

A question is asked that can have two different meanings.According to psychologists who study language,what information is needed before an appropriate response can be made?

Which term refers to a step-by-step procedure that always provides the right answer for a particular type of problem?

Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf are giving a lecture on the relationship between language and thought.What hypothesis would they most likely put forward?

What can be concluded from the research on the ability of people to engage in deductive reasoning?

When compared to people who tell the truth,what does the research suggest about those who don't?

Which statement best characterizes the results of research on the claim of linguistic relativity?

While Theo is speaking,he is planning his next sentence in his head.Which term best reflects this phenomenon?

Despite the pioneering efforts of F.C.Donders,researchers today rarely use reaction time as a way of testing how some cognitive process is carried out.

Herb is a participant in a study of problem solving.To help understand the steps Herb is going through to solve the problem,the researcher has asked him to verbalize his ongoing thoughts.What do researchers studying problem solving call these verbalizations?

In which situation are attentional processes most likely controlled?

Two students are taking a physics test.The optimistic student expects to get an A,while the pessimistic student expects to get a C.When the test results are determined,it happens that they both received Bs.Which outcome is most likely?

Reference points are important in decision making.

What did F.A.Kekulé,who discovered the chemical structure of benzene,Michael Faraday,who discovered many properties of magnetism,and Albert Einstein,the brilliant physicist,have in common?

A(n)__________ is a step-by-step procedure that always provides the right answer for a particular type of problem.

The distinguished gentleman whispered to the equally distinguished lady,"Madam,your ship is slowing." What does this statement illustrate?

Psychology and Life

A: Psychology and Life

Research Methods in Psychology

A: Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Evolutionary Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: the Biological Bases of Behaviour

Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

A: Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

Memory

A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Cognitive Processes

A: Memory

Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Motivation

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Emotion,stress,and Health

A: Emotion,stress,and Health

Understanding Human Personality

A: Understanding Human Personality

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

A: Social Psychology

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