Exam 9: A: Cognitive Processes

Marian likes to impress others with her knowledge of everything,although she has confessed that many times she makes up "facts" to win an argument.Which one of Grice's maxims is being violated?

The sentence,"Visiting relatives can be a nuisance," best illustrates what type of ambiguity.

According to H.Paul Grice,the cooperative principle is an overarching rule of audience design.Specifically,speakers should produce utterances appropriate to the setting and meaning of the ongoing conversation.

Nick has been asked to use the SLIP technique on a classmate to encourage the production of spoonerisms.If Nick follows this procedure,what will he ask his classmate do?

Language users both produce and understand language.How do speakers design their utterances to suit particular audiences? Describe and give examples of Grice's four maxims that cooperative speakers live by and explain the concept of common ground.

What was the fundamental premise upon which F.C.Donders based his method for studying mental processes?

Tara browses all the DVDs in the store until she has convinced herself that she has found exactly the best one.In the context of decision making,which term best characterizes Tara?

What is one major value of speech errors?

As a man skims over the instructions on the application for the Senior Soccer League,he reads the statement,"Anyone who is 40 years old or older and who is in good health may apply." Since he is over 40 years old and in good health,he assumes that he can apply.What type of reasoning has been applied?

In the formal definition of a problem,__________ are the steps you may take to move from an initial state to a goal state.

In the context of problem-solving,which term refers to the steps one may take to move from an initial state to a goal state?

Several sentences are written on the blackboard: "All teachers work hard.I am a teacher.I work hard." To what do these sentences likely refer?

A woman has six children-three boys (B)and three girls (G).According to the representativeness heuristic,you are more likely to believe that she had these children in the G-B-G-B-B-G order than in the B-B-B-G-G-G order because your past experience with birth orders allows you to assume this.

In the context of decision making,what is a "frame"?

Which of the following is an example of judgment?

What can be concluded from the results of the early experiments in which researchers attempted to teach language to chimpanzees?

Although she has never been snowboarding,a girl feels that she will not enjoy the sport because she does not like cross-country skiing.What cognitive strategy is she using?

Philip Tetlock recruited a sample of 284 experts with strong credentials for making political predictions about certain countries or regions of the world.What did Tetlock discover?

According to Deborah Saucier,who is most likely to give directions by saying "stay on this road for 2 kilometres,then turn left and keep going for 5 kilometres"?

When does a bias based on the anchoring heuristic occur?