Question 1

In Freud's theory,the id is governed by the reality principle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Personality theorists define __________ as enduring qualities or attributes that predispose individuals to behave consistently across situations

Accepted Answer

traits

Question 3

Which description best characterizes a projective test?

Accepted Answer

A) 550 questions to which the patient must respond either "true" or "false." 
B) a staged social interaction in which the patient is observed without her knowledge. 
C) ambiguous material to which the patient must respond. 
D) a series of questions designed to measure divergent production. 
A) 550 questions to which the patient must respond either "true" or "false." 
B) a staged social interaction in which the patient is observed without her knowledge. 
C) ambiguous material to which the patient must respond. 
D) a series of questions designed to measure divergent production. C

Question 4

Humanistic theories of personality have been described as being holistic,dispositional,and phenomenological.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to the theory of Albert Bandura,what is the definition of self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A) a willingness to conform to the feelings of the majority. 
B) the belief that one can perform adequately in a particular situation. 
C) a system of moral values and a strong sense of right and wrong. 
D) the need to achieve one's potential or to be the best that one can be. 
A) a willingness to conform to the feelings of the majority. 
B) the belief that one can perform adequately in a particular situation. 
C) a system of moral values and a strong sense of right and wrong. 
D) the need to achieve one's potential or to be the best that one can be.

Question 6

One criticism of Freud's theory is that it uses a male model as the norm without trying to determine how females might be different.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

When traits allow researchers to relate sets of stimuli and responses that might seem at first glance unrelated,how are the traits functioning?

Accepted Answer

A) as critical variables. 
B) as scientific predisposers. 
C) as idiographic variables. 
D) as intervening variables. 
A) as critical variables. 
B) as scientific predisposers. 
C) as idiographic variables. 
D) as intervening variables.

Question 8

In what way did Karen Horney's beliefs differ from those of orthodox Freudian supporters?

Accepted Answer

A) She suggested that "womb envy" leads men to devalue women. 
B) She suggested that less emphasis should be placed on cultural factors. 
C) She suggested that more emphasis should be placed on infantile sexuality. 
D) She suggested that Freud focused too much on present character structure. 
A) She suggested that "womb envy" leads men to devalue women. 
B) She suggested that less emphasis should be placed on cultural factors. 
C) She suggested that more emphasis should be placed on infantile sexuality. 
D) She suggested that Freud focused too much on present character structure.

Question 9

According to most experts on personality theory,why did the "appearance" of behavioural inconsistency arise?

Accepted Answer

A) because of failures to take into account the psychological features of situations. 
B) because most measures of personality lack reliability and validity. 
C) because the observers of the people in the situations were not adequately trained to make accurate observations. 
D) because individuals are,in fact,inconsistent in their behaviour patterns. 
A) because of failures to take into account the psychological features of situations. 
B) because most measures of personality lack reliability and validity. 
C) because the observers of the people in the situations were not adequately trained to make accurate observations. 
D) because individuals are,in fact,inconsistent in their behaviour patterns.

Question 10

A child's theory of personality is based on the loudness of people's voices.For example,the child says that people who speak softly are warm and honest,whereas people who talk loudly cannot be trusted.Which theory includes this use of voice quality as the basis for determining personality?

Accepted Answer

A) trait 
B) social-learning 
C) type 
D) self 
A) trait 
B) social-learning 
C) type 
D) self

Question 11

In Freud's theory of personality,which is the correct matching of part and principle?

Accepted Answer

A) id-reality 
B) superego-reality 
C) superego-pleasure 
D) id-pleasure 
A) id-reality 
B) superego-reality 
C) superego-pleasure 
D) id-pleasure

Question 12

In public,an acquaintance seems to be full of jokes and acts like the life of the party,but in private he confesses that he is not really sure if people like him.Which term best characterizes this individual?

Accepted Answer

A) shy extravert. 
B) introvert. 
C) outgoing introvert. 
D) extravert. 
A) shy extravert. 
B) introvert. 
C) outgoing introvert. 
D) extravert.

Question 13

When Frank Sulloway studied people's support for innovative theories in science,what did he discover?

Accepted Answer

A) "only children" were consistently supportive of these theories,more so than other groups 
B) 100 percent of the laterborns he studied supported these theories. 
C) the majority of those who supported these theories were firstborns. 
D) laterborns were more likely to support these theories than were firstborns. 
A) "only children" were consistently supportive of these theories,more so than other groups 
B) 100 percent of the laterborns he studied supported these theories. 
C) the majority of those who supported these theories were firstborns. 
D) laterborns were more likely to support these theories than were firstborns.

Question 14

"Personality is the sum of the overt and covert responses that can be reliably elicited by an individual's reinforcement history." Which approach to personality is being described?

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic 
B) psychodynamic 
C) evolutionary 
D) learning theory 
A) humanistic 
B) psychodynamic 
C) evolutionary 
D) learning theory

Question 15

You have a strong sense of self-efficacy and your friend has a low sense of self-efficacy.You have the same GPA in school.Your friend is therefore more likely to do better than you in school in the future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A study looked at e-mail addresses and personality self-reports from 599 individuals.The researchers then asked an independent group of students to make judgments about personality based only on the e-mail addresses.What did the study reveal?

Accepted Answer

A) there was a positive correlation between raters' assessments and e-mail users' self-reports. 
B) there was no agreement between raters and e-mail users in personality assessments. 
C) the students reported that there was insufficient information to make accurate personality assessments. 
D) there is a strong relationship between self-report of personality characteristics and gender. 
A) there was a positive correlation between raters' assessments and e-mail users' self-reports. 
B) there was no agreement between raters and e-mail users in personality assessments. 
C) the students reported that there was insufficient information to make accurate personality assessments. 
D) there is a strong relationship between self-report of personality characteristics and gender.

Question 17

What do heritability studies of personality indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) very few personality traits are influenced by genetic factors. 
B) almost all personality traits are influenced by genetic factors. 
C) only broad traits,such as extraversion or neuroticism,are influenced by genetic factors. 
D) only specific traits,such as self-control or sociability,are influenced by genetic factors. 
A) very few personality traits are influenced by genetic factors. 
B) almost all personality traits are influenced by genetic factors. 
C) only broad traits,such as extraversion or neuroticism,are influenced by genetic factors. 
D) only specific traits,such as self-control or sociability,are influenced by genetic factors.

Question 18

In personality assessment,__________ follow well-defined rules and are relatively simple to administer and score,while __________ have purposely ambiguous stimuli that can be interpreted in many ways

Accepted Answer

objective

Question 19

Lyle is best described as a slob.He smells because he doesn't bathe,he leaves every dish he owns sitting in his kitchen sink,and he just throws his garbage into the yard.The Board of Health is contemplating condemning his house.How would Freud explain Lyle's behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) an unresolved Oedipal complex. 
B) fixation in the anal stage of development. 
C) an under-developed superego. 
D) an over-developed id. 
A) an unresolved Oedipal complex. 
B) fixation in the anal stage of development. 
C) an under-developed superego. 
D) an over-developed id.

Question 20

A researcher wants to develop a test of personality that will follow well-defined rules and will be simple to administer and score.Psychologists call this type of test a(n)__________ test of personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher wants to develop a test...

Exam 14: A: Understanding Human Personality

In Freud's theory,the id is governed by the reality principle.

Personality theorists define __________ as enduring qualities or attributes that predispose individuals to behave consistently across situations

Which description best characterizes a projective test?

Humanistic theories of personality have been described as being holistic,dispositional,and phenomenological.

According to the theory of Albert Bandura,what is the definition of self-efficacy?

One criticism of Freud's theory is that it uses a male model as the norm without trying to determine how females might be different.

When traits allow researchers to relate sets of stimuli and responses that might seem at first glance unrelated,how are the traits functioning?

In what way did Karen Horney's beliefs differ from those of orthodox Freudian supporters?

According to most experts on personality theory,why did the "appearance" of behavioural inconsistency arise?

A child's theory of personality is based on the loudness of people's voices.For example,the child says that people who speak softly are warm and honest,whereas people who talk loudly cannot be trusted.Which theory includes this use of voice quality as the basis for determining personality?

In Freud's theory of personality,which is the correct matching of part and principle?

In public,an acquaintance seems to be full of jokes and acts like the life of the party,but in private he confesses that he is not really sure if people like him.Which term best characterizes this individual?

When Frank Sulloway studied people's support for innovative theories in science,what did he discover?

"Personality is the sum of the overt and covert responses that can be reliably elicited by an individual's reinforcement history." Which approach to personality is being described?

You have a strong sense of self-efficacy and your friend has a low sense of self-efficacy.You have the same GPA in school.Your friend is therefore more likely to do better than you in school in the future.

A study looked at e-mail addresses and personality self-reports from 599 individuals.The researchers then asked an independent group of students to make judgments about personality based only on the e-mail addresses.What did the study reveal?

What do heritability studies of personality indicate?

In personality assessment,__________ follow well-defined rules and are relatively simple to administer and score,while __________ have purposely ambiguous stimuli that can be interpreted in many ways

Lyle is best described as a slob.He smells because he doesn't bathe,he leaves every dish he owns sitting in his kitchen sink,and he just throws his garbage into the yard.The Board of Health is contemplating condemning his house.How would Freud explain Lyle's behaviour?

A researcher wants to develop a test of personality that will follow well-defined rules and will be simple to administer and score.Psychologists call this type of test a(n)__________ test of personality.

Psychology and Life

A: Psychology and Life

Research Methods in Psychology

A: Research Methods in Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behaviour

A: Evolutionary Psychology

Sensation and Perception

A: the Biological Bases of Behaviour

Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

A: Sensation and Perception

Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

A: Mind,consciousness,and Alternate States

Memory

A: Learning and Bahaviour Analysis

Cognitive Processes

A: Memory

Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

A: Cognitive Processes

Human Development Across the Life Span

A: Intelligence and Intelligence Assessment

Motivation

A: Human Development Across the Life Span

Emotion,stress,and Health

A: Emotion,stress,and Health

Understanding Human Personality

Psychological Disorders

A: Psychological Disorders

Social Psychology

A: Social Psychology

Filters

In personality assessment, follow well-defined rules and are relatively simple to administer and score,while have purposely ambiguous stimuli that can be interpreted in many ways