Exam 14: A: Understanding Human Personality

Why were projective tests first used by psychoanalysts?

__________ is a concept of Albert Bandura's social-learning theory that refers to the notion that a complex interaction exists between the individual,his or her behaviour,and environmental stimuli,and that each of these components affects the others.

A man believes that one's behaviour should be based on the needs and approval of the community at large.According to Markus and Kitayama,which type of culture does this man likely represent?

According to most current personality theorists,how many factors best characterize personality structure?

There is no unified theory of personality.Discuss basic differences that appear repeatedly among various comparisons of personality theory.One of these differences is heredity versus environment.Briefly discuss this difference and four others.

In Freud's view,there was a continuing battle between two antagonistic parts of the personality which were moderated by a third aspect of the self.Which term refers to the moderator?

Carl Rogers stressed the importance of __________ in raising children.By this,he meant that children should feel they will always be loved and approved of,in spite of their mistakes and misbehaviour.

How do contemporary social-learning and cognitive theories differ from the early learning theory approaches?

Written on the whiteboard is a list of five items: encodings,expectancies and beliefs,affects,goals and values,and competencies and self-regulatory plans.Which theory encompasses these five items?

A six-year-old says that she loves watching Barney,can't stand fast food,and thinks that people who are bald are funny.According to Gordon Allport's approach,which traits are being described?

Louis is extremely orderly and neat.According to Freud,what stage of fixation is being characterized?

Which humanistic theorist suggested that basic anxiety causes people to move toward,against,and away from others,thereby causing them to live by a "tyranny of shoulds"?

A woman believes that a person's behaviour should be based on the needs and approval of the community at large.According to Hazel Markus and Shinobu Kitayama,the woman most likely comes from a(n)__________ culture which supports __________ construals of self.

Which list of traits could create a description of a person generated by the five-factor model of personality?

Why have type and trait theories of personality been criticized?

Personality theorist Hans Eysenck suggested three personality dimensions-introversion,extraversion,and neuroticism.

One criticism that is leveled against social-learning and cognitive theories is that they place too much emphasis on emotions like anxiety as important components of personality.

A psychologist is engaged in a contemporary type of research that is related to the humanist tradition but can be traced back to Freud's analysis of Leonardo da Vinci.He is using published materials to develop a coherent and illuminating story of the life of a famous author.Which technique is he using?

Paul is very extraverted and somewhat unstable.According to Eysenck's personality circle,how else is Paul likely to be described?

Humanistic psychologists would be interested in people's responses to questions such as,"How did you feel when she said that?" or "Why do you think she treats you that way?" Which term best characterizes the nature of these types of questions?