Exam 14: A: Understanding Human Personality

Research on shyness in adults has found that the person who considers himself or herself to be "not shy" is rare.

As discussed in the textbook,which area of the brain was highly activated when extraverted individuals were presented with happy faces?

A man doesn't remember fleeing a burning building when he was a child.In Freud's theory,this would be an example of the defense mechanism called regression.

When Gordon Allport said,"The same fire that melts the butter hardens the egg," what point was he trying to make?

The fitness center is usually a relaxed place until the manager arrives.She is always tense and spends much of her time yelling at the workers.Soon everyone seems to be angry and on edge.Which term best characterizes this scenario?

According to the social intelligence theory of Nancy Cantor,people differ with respect to their choice of life goals,relevant knowledge,and strategies for implementing goals.

What would be the most effective way to differentiate genetic and environmental effects on personality?

In the theory of Carl Jung,the __________ unconscious is a part of an individual's unconscious that is inherited,evolutionarily developed,and common to all members of the species.

When Theresa overhears a woman say that her husband has a lot of "libido," what does the woman likely mean?

In Freud's theory,the __________ is the aspect of personality that represents the internalization of society's values,standards,and morals.

In what different ways can personality be assessed? Discuss objective and projective methods of assessing personality and the benefits of each.What criticisms have been directed toward each type of assessment?

__________ are people who are publicly outgoing but privately shy.They have good __________ but doubt that others really like or respect them.

How well do traits predict behaviours? How does the situation influence consistency for traits?

Collectivist cultures emphasize individuals' needs and encourage independent construals of self.

What concept is Freud's most important contribution to the science of psychology?

In modern times,William Sheldon originated a type theory of personality based on __________ and Frank Sulloway proposed a type theory based on __________.

Endomorphic,mesomorphic,and ectomorphic are categories of a personality type theory based on body builds.

A student spends much time socializing with friends instead of studying for an important exam because he is afraid to find out whether he has what it takes to pass the exam.Which term best characterizes this scenario?

A researcher is looking for a test that has an extensive archival record of more than fifty years that also has standardized items that he can analyze to test hypotheses about self-efficacy,a psychological construct that did not exist when the test was first developed.Which test should the researcher be encouraged to use?

As described in the textbook,researchers explored the conditions under which girls aged 9-11 years were most likely to use defense mechanisms.What did the researchers discover?