Exam 14: A: Understanding Human Personality

When people engage in __________ behaviour,they develop,in anticipation of failure,behavioural reactions and explanations that minimize ability deficits as possible attributions for the failure.

A study was conducted on the impact of self-efficacy beliefs on college performance.What was the outcome?

Cross-cultural research on the self has sometimes used a measurement device called the Twenty Statements Test,in which participants are asked to give 20 differentanswers to the question "Who am I?" When comparing the responses of students from various countries,what did one group of researchers discover?

Situational determinants of behaviour are most strongly emphasized by __________ theories of personality,while dispositional factors are most strongly emphasized by __________ theories.

The research of Raymond Cattell led him to the conclusion that there are five source traits that make up personality.

The earliest personality theories were based on "types." Give some examples of type theories,then explain how trait theories differ from type theories.Which trait theories have received the most interest,and why?

Normand tells Sue that he knows the Thematic Apperception Test is classified as a personality test,but he can't remember what it requires a person to do.How should Sue respond?

Toni describes her close friend as warm,happy,optimistic,funny,and high achieving.According to Gordon Allport's approach,what type of traits has Toni described?

The district attorney never stops his campaign to rid the city of pornography.He gets extremely agitated when speaking against the evils of "adult" magazines and he quotes scripture endlessly to back up his tirades.How would Freud most likely explain the underlying cause of this behaviour?

To illustrate Freud's structures of personality in a theatrical fashion,a psychology professor asks for volunteers to play the "roles" of the psyche.One student jumps up and starts shouting "Pick me,pick me!".Which role should he be assigned?

It seems that everywhere you go you run into terms that were originally proposed by Sigmund Freud.On television they are talking about Freudian slips,your professor mentions the pleasure principle,and a friend claims that you are always using defense mechanisms.Briefly describe the major elements of Freudian psychoanalysis-the drives that motivate behaviour,the stages of psychosexual development,the structure of personality,and the defense mechanisms.

Personality type theories are all-or-none phenomena,not matters of degree.So a person assigned to one type could not belong to any other type within that system.

Karen Horney's theory of personality is most closely associated with the idea that people overcompensate for their feelings of inferiority by attempting to become superior.

Todd has signed up for a research study in which he will be completing a personality inventory.What should Todd expect?

Two children have different biological parents,but both were adopted in infancy by the same family.Which statement supports the idea that heredity determines personality?

Your preference for certain types of films or restaurants would be an example of a central trait in the approach of Gordon Allport.

In Freud's theory of personality,to defend itself against the demands of the id and the superego,what will the ego institute?

Psychologists with a learning theory orientation look to the environmental circumstances that control behaviour and see personality as the sum of responses that are elicited by an individual's reinforcement history.

Some personality theorists rely on the concept of personality types.When developing these types,what is the basic rule?

What is the focus of Alfred Adler's theory of personality?