Question 1

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-Cholesterol and other lipids are transported from tissues to the liver by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol 
A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol

Question 2

In which location listed below does the following reaction take place?
HMG-CoA → acetoacetate + Acetyl-CoA

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol of cardiomyocytes 
B) mitochondria of cardiomyocytes 
C) cytosol of liver cells 
D) mitochondria of liver cells 
E) all of the above 
A) cytosol of cardiomyocytes 
B) mitochondria of cardiomyocytes 
C) cytosol of liver cells 
D) mitochondria of liver cells 
E) all of the above

Question 3

An enzyme that is inhibited by the statin group of drugs (e.g.Lipitor®)is

Accepted Answer

A) phospholipase a2. 
B) hormone sensitive lipase. 
C) HMG CoA reductase. 
D) desaturase. 
E) glycerol kinase. 
A) phospholipase a2. 
B) hormone sensitive lipase. 
C) HMG CoA reductase. 
D) desaturase. 
E) glycerol kinase.

Question 4

Which of the following compounds is produced by the multistep cyclization of squalene?

Accepted Answer

A) lanosterol 
B) geranyl pyrophosphate 
C) fanesyl pyrophosphate 
D) isoprene 
E) isopentyl pyrophosphate 
A) lanosterol 
B) geranyl pyrophosphate 
C) fanesyl pyrophosphate 
D) isoprene 
E) isopentyl pyrophosphate

Question 5

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-Acyl carrier protein (ACP)contains a ________ prosthetic group.

Accepted Answer

A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol 
A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol

Question 6

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-The glycerol backbone of triacylglycerols is catabolized to ________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol 
A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol

Question 7

______,a condition in which acetoacetate production exceeds it metabolism and results in a sweet breath odor due to nonenyzmatic ___ of acetoacetate to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) ketosis;decarboxylation;hydroxylbutryate 
B) ketosis;carboxylation;hydroxylbutryate 
C) ketosis;carboxylation;acetone 
D) glyceroneogenesis;decarboxylation;hydroxylbutryate 
E) glyceroneogenesis;decarboxylation;acetone 
A) ketosis;decarboxylation;hydroxylbutryate 
B) ketosis;carboxylation;hydroxylbutryate 
C) ketosis;carboxylation;acetone 
D) glyceroneogenesis;decarboxylation;hydroxylbutryate 
E) glyceroneogenesis;decarboxylation;acetone

Question 8

The mechanism of the condensing enzyme (KS)of fatty acid synthase is best described as

Accepted Answer

A) base catalysis using a glu residue in the active site 
B) acid catalysis using a glu residue in the active site 
C) base catalysis using a cys residue in the active site 
D) acid catalysis using a cys residue in the active site 
E) covalent catalysis using a cys residue in the active site 
A) base catalysis using a glu residue in the active site 
B) acid catalysis using a glu residue in the active site 
C) base catalysis using a cys residue in the active site 
D) acid catalysis using a cys residue in the active site 
E) covalent catalysis using a cys residue in the active site

Question 9

Knoop's experiments with fatty acids

Accepted Answer

A) involved the novel use of chemical labels to elucidate metabolic mechanisms. 
B) demonstrated that fatty acids are broken down by two carbons at a time by oxidation at the ω carbon. 
C) demonstrated a distinct difference in the mechanism of odd chain versus.even chain fatty acid oxidation. 
D) A and B 
E) A,B,and C 
A) involved the novel use of chemical labels to elucidate metabolic mechanisms. 
B) demonstrated that fatty acids are broken down by two carbons at a time by oxidation at the ω carbon. 
C) demonstrated a distinct difference in the mechanism of odd chain versus.even chain fatty acid oxidation. 
D) A and B 
E) A,B,and C

Question 10

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-Free fatty acids bind to ________ for circulation in the bloodstream.

Accepted Answer

A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol 
A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol

Question 11

Which of the following could be produced by the reaction of two or more of phosphatidic acids with two or more glycerol-3-phosphates?
(I)phosphatidylglycerol
(II)cardiolipin
(III)phosphatidylinositol
(IV)gangliosides

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,III,IV 
B) II,III 
C) I,III 
D) I,II 
E) III only 
A) I,II,III,IV 
B) II,III 
C) I,III 
D) I,II 
E) III only

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT an example of a problem sometimes associated with unsaturated fatty acid breakdown?

Accepted Answer

A) β,$\gamma$ double bond 
B) α,β double bond 
C) unanticipated isomerization 
D) inhibition of hydratase by a double bond 
E) All of the above are problems. 
A) β,$\gamma$ double bond 
B) α,β double bond 
C) unanticipated isomerization 
D) inhibition of hydratase by a double bond 
E) All of the above are problems.

Question 13

Which of the following vitamins is part of the prosthetic group 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin?

Accepted Answer

A) B1 
B) B2 
C) B6 
D) B12 
E) none of the above 
A) B1 
B) B2 
C) B6 
D) B12 
E) none of the above

Question 14

Which of the following best describes arachidonic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) a 20-carbon isoprene-based intermediate of cholesterol synthesis 
B) a 20-carbon fatty acid essential for cholesterol synthesis 
C) a 20-carbon isoprene-based compound used for synthesis of prostaglandins 
D) a 20-carbon fatty acid used for synthesis of prostaglandins 
E) a 2-carbon compound that functions in conjunction with a fatty acid carrier protein for transport of primed fatty acids 
A) a 20-carbon isoprene-based intermediate of cholesterol synthesis 
B) a 20-carbon fatty acid essential for cholesterol synthesis 
C) a 20-carbon isoprene-based compound used for synthesis of prostaglandins 
D) a 20-carbon fatty acid used for synthesis of prostaglandins 
E) a 2-carbon compound that functions in conjunction with a fatty acid carrier protein for transport of primed fatty acids

Question 15

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-The molecules acetoacetate,acetone,and d-$\beta$-hydroxybutyrate are metabolic fuels termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol 
A)  HDL 
B)  propionyl-CoA 
C)  LDL 
D)  Dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
E)  malonyl-CoA
F) ACP
G) chylomicrons
H) phosphopantetheine
I) flavin
J) albumin
K) ketone bodies
L) cholesterol

Question 16

Considering the figure below,what compound would be formed by action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
E)

Question 17

What is the net production of ATP from complete catabolism of the following fatty acid to CO2 and H2O?

Accepted Answer

A) < 50 
B) 51 - 90 [70] 
C) 91 - 120 
D) 121 - 150 
E) 151 + 
A) < 50 
B) 51 - 90 [70] 
C) 91 - 120 
D) 121 - 150 
E) 151 +

Question 18

Two phosphatidylglycerol molecules condense to form the molecule ______,and glycerol is eliminated as the side product.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphatidic acid 
B) cardiolipin 
C) plasmalogen 
D) sphingomyelin 
E) squalene 
A) phosphatidic acid 
B) cardiolipin 
C) plasmalogen 
D) sphingomyelin 
E) squalene

Question 19

Pain and inflammation are triggered by ___ which are synthesized by an enzyme inhibited by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) cardiolipins;aspirin 
B) prostaglandins;aspirin 
C) analgesics;statins 
D) prostaglandins;COX-1 
E) cyclooxygen;NSAIDS 
A) cardiolipins;aspirin 
B) prostaglandins;aspirin 
C) analgesics;statins 
D) prostaglandins;COX-1 
E) cyclooxygen;NSAIDS

Question 20

PGH2 is synthesized from ______ and triggers pain and ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cardiolipins;foam cell development 
B) steroids;fever 
C) salicylic acid;foam cell development 
D) NSAIDS;COX-1 
E) arachidonate;inflammation 
A) cardiolipins;foam cell development 
B) steroids;fever 
C) salicylic acid;foam cell development 
D) NSAIDS;COX-1 
E) arachidonate;inflammation

Exam 20: Lipid Metabolism

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -Cholesterol and other lipids are transported from tissues to the liver by ________.

In which location listed below does the following reaction take place? HMG-CoA → acetoacetate + Acetyl-CoA

An enzyme that is inhibited by the statin group of drugs (e.g.Lipitor®)is

Which of the following compounds is produced by the multistep cyclization of squalene?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -Acyl carrier protein (ACP)contains a ________ prosthetic group.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -The glycerol backbone of triacylglycerols is catabolized to ________ .

______,a condition in which acetoacetate production exceeds it metabolism and results in a sweet breath odor due to nonenyzmatic ___ of acetoacetate to _____.

The mechanism of the condensing enzyme (KS)of fatty acid synthase is best described as

Knoop's experiments with fatty acids

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -Free fatty acids bind to ________ for circulation in the bloodstream.

Which of the following could be produced by the reaction of two or more of phosphatidic acids with two or more glycerol-3-phosphates? (I)phosphatidylglycerol (II)cardiolipin (III)phosphatidylinositol (IV)gangliosides

Which of the following is NOT an example of a problem sometimes associated with unsaturated fatty acid breakdown?

Which of the following vitamins is part of the prosthetic group 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin?

Which of the following best describes arachidonic acid?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -The molecules acetoacetate,acetone,and d- β\betaβ -hydroxybutyrate are metabolic fuels termed ________.

Considering the figure below,what compound would be formed by action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase?

What is the net production of ATP from complete catabolism of the following fatty acid to CO2 and H2O?

Two phosphatidylglycerol molecules condense to form the molecule ______,and glycerol is eliminated as the side product.

Pain and inflammation are triggered by ___ which are synthesized by an enzyme inhibited by ____.

PGH2 is synthesized from ______ and triggers pain and ________.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glucose Catabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

DNA Replication, repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

____,a condition in which acetoacetate production exceeds it metabolism and results in a sweet breath odor due to nonenyzmatic _ of acetoacetate to _____.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -The molecules acetoacetate,acetone,and d- $\beta$ -hydroxybutyrate are metabolic fuels termed ________.

What is the net production of ATP from complete catabolism of the following fatty acid to CO₂ and H₂O?

Pain and inflammation are triggered by _ which are synthesized by an enzyme inhibited by __.

PGH₂ is synthesized from and triggers pain and __.