Question 1

Which of the following proteins is a phosphatase activated by Ca2+ essential for T cell proliferation?

Accepted Answer

A) calcineurin 
B) calmodulin (CaM) 
C) rhodopsin 
D) RasGAP 
E) MAPK 
A) calcineurin 
B) calmodulin (CaM) 
C) rhodopsin 
D) RasGAP 
E) MAPK A

Question 2

Which of the following proteins has a structural motif called an "EF hand"?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin 
B) calmodulin (CaM) 
C) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) 
D) cAMP-dependent protein kinase 
E) scaffold proteins 
A) insulin 
B) calmodulin (CaM) 
C) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) 
D) cAMP-dependent protein kinase 
E) scaffold proteins B

Question 3

Considering the same unidentified proteins discussed in the question 32 above (UPS-1 through UPS-3)what can you conclude from the following observations and the knowledge you gained in this chapter?
OBSERVATIONS:
1)UPS-1 is capable of autophosphorylation.
2)UPS-2 becomes phosphorylated only when UPS-1 is phosphorylated.
3)UPS-2,when phosphorylated interacts with UPS-3 and activates the Ras protein.
4)Recombinant UPS-2 protein that has a mutation resulting in the replacement of tyrosine for serine in the binding region loses all function.
5)The proteins Jun and Fos are expressed at high levels in the presence of UPS-1,2,3.

Accepted Answer

A) The UPS signaling system functions as a heterotrimeric G protein signaling cascade. 
B) Sugarish appears to solicit a similar insulin response to that expected from glucose. 
C) Sugarish must be sensitive to the phosphoinositide pathway. 
D) Calmodulin (CaM)would likely alter the activity of the UPS proteins. 
E) None of the above are possible conclusions. 
A) The UPS signaling system functions as a heterotrimeric G protein signaling cascade. 
B) Sugarish appears to solicit a similar insulin response to that expected from glucose. 
C) Sugarish must be sensitive to the phosphoinositide pathway. 
D) Calmodulin (CaM)would likely alter the activity of the UPS proteins. 
E) None of the above are possible conclusions. B

Question 4

Which of the following is always true of hormones?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones always bind membrane bound receptors. 
B) Hormones elicit specific cellular responses. 
C) Hormones are secreted from a gland via a robust network of ducts. 
D) The release of hormones is influenced by adrenal receptors. 
E) All of the above are true. 
A) Hormones always bind membrane bound receptors. 
B) Hormones elicit specific cellular responses. 
C) Hormones are secreted from a gland via a robust network of ducts. 
D) The release of hormones is influenced by adrenal receptors. 
E) All of the above are true.

Question 5

The virulent form of bubonic plague carries a protein called YopH.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) YopH functions as a MAPK specific inhibitor. 
B) YopH functions as a Ras inhibitor. 
C) YopH functions as a receptor tyrosine kinase. 
D) YopH functions as a protein tyrosine phosphatase. 
E) YopH functions as β propeller. 
A) YopH functions as a MAPK specific inhibitor. 
B) YopH functions as a Ras inhibitor. 
C) YopH functions as a receptor tyrosine kinase. 
D) YopH functions as a protein tyrosine phosphatase. 
E) YopH functions as β propeller.

Question 6

Matching

-Cytosolic calcium ion levels are altered by the _____ signaling pathway.

Accepted Answer

A)  receptors 
B)  phosphoinositide 
C)  rhodopsin 
D)  calmodulin 
E)  insulin
F) hypothalamus
G) cortisol
H) adrenal cortex
I) cyclic AMP
J) RasGAP
K) islets of Langerhans
L) adenylate cyclase (A
C) 
M) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) 
A)  receptors 
B)  phosphoinositide 
C)  rhodopsin 
D)  calmodulin 
E)  insulin
F) hypothalamus
G) cortisol
H) adrenal cortex
I) cyclic AMP
J) RasGAP
K) islets of Langerhans
L) adenylate cyclase (A
C) 
M) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)

Question 7

Which of the following correctly states an essential step in the function of heterotrimeric G protein function?

Accepted Answer

A) A cascade of events must occur that ultimately activate protein kinase C. 
B) Binding of a hormone to a receptor must signal the exchange of GDP for GTP. 
C) Binding of GTP to the receptor protein must induce a change in conformation of the receptor. 
D) Binding of cAMP to the α subunit of the G protein must initiate translocation of the subunit. 
E) All of the above are correct. 
A) A cascade of events must occur that ultimately activate protein kinase C. 
B) Binding of a hormone to a receptor must signal the exchange of GDP for GTP. 
C) Binding of GTP to the receptor protein must induce a change in conformation of the receptor. 
D) Binding of cAMP to the α subunit of the G protein must initiate translocation of the subunit. 
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 8

Which of the following increases the affinity of SH2 binding to phosphor-tyrosine?

Accepted Answer

A) The absence of a Ser or Thr residue in the binding region. 
B) The presence of an Arg residue deep in the binding pocket. 
C) The presence of an Arg residue near the binding pocket entrance. 
D) The absence of a Ser residue deep in the binding pocket. 
E) None of the above. 
A) The absence of a Ser or Thr residue in the binding region. 
B) The presence of an Arg residue deep in the binding pocket. 
C) The presence of an Arg residue near the binding pocket entrance. 
D) The absence of a Ser residue deep in the binding pocket. 
E) None of the above.

Question 9

Matching

-A molecule that often functions as a second messenger is ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  receptors 
B)  phosphoinositide 
C)  rhodopsin 
D)  calmodulin 
E)  insulin
F) hypothalamus
G) cortisol
H) adrenal cortex
I) cyclic AMP
J) RasGAP
K) islets of Langerhans
L) adenylate cyclase (A
C) 
M) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) 
A)  receptors 
B)  phosphoinositide 
C)  rhodopsin 
D)  calmodulin 
E)  insulin
F) hypothalamus
G) cortisol
H) adrenal cortex
I) cyclic AMP
J) RasGAP
K) islets of Langerhans
L) adenylate cyclase (A
C) 
M) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)

Question 10

Matching

-The hormone _____ is responsible for a variety of actions including the ability to cope with stress.

Accepted Answer

A)  receptors 
B)  phosphoinositide 
C)  rhodopsin 
D)  calmodulin 
E)  insulin
F) hypothalamus
G) cortisol
H) adrenal cortex
I) cyclic AMP
J) RasGAP
K) islets of Langerhans
L) adenylate cyclase (A
C) 
M) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) 
A)  receptors 
B)  phosphoinositide 
C)  rhodopsin 
D)  calmodulin 
E)  insulin
F) hypothalamus
G) cortisol
H) adrenal cortex
I) cyclic AMP
J) RasGAP
K) islets of Langerhans
L) adenylate cyclase (A
C) 
M) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)

Question 11

Which of the following describes the similarity between the following words?
DAG,cAMP,IP3

Accepted Answer

A) All of them induce conformational changes in PKA. 
B) All of them activate adenylate cyclase. 
C) All of them require phosphorylation in order to function. 
D) All of them function as second messengers. 
E) All them result from the activity of phosphoprotein lipase. 
A) All of them induce conformational changes in PKA. 
B) All of them activate adenylate cyclase. 
C) All of them require phosphorylation in order to function. 
D) All of them function as second messengers. 
E) All them result from the activity of phosphoprotein lipase.

Question 12

The interaction (cross-talk)of various signaling pathways

Accepted Answer

A) allows for dual-specificity within different cell types. 
B) is necessary for effective signal transduction. 
C) occurs during autoinhibition of a pathway. 
D) accounts for the ability of a signaling pathway to undergo desensitization. 
E) can be minimized by scaffold proteins. 
A) allows for dual-specificity within different cell types. 
B) is necessary for effective signal transduction. 
C) occurs during autoinhibition of a pathway. 
D) accounts for the ability of a signaling pathway to undergo desensitization. 
E) can be minimized by scaffold proteins.

Question 13

Which of the following sets of terms has a member that does not belong?

Accepted Answer

A) rhodopsin - heterotrimeric G protein - desensitization 
B) autoinhibitor segment - receptor tyrosine kinase - SH2 
C) propranolol - β-adrenoreceptor - antagonist 
D) transcortin - aldosterone - adrenal cortex 
E) adenylate cyclase - cholera toxin - heterotrimeric G protein 
A) rhodopsin - heterotrimeric G protein - desensitization 
B) autoinhibitor segment - receptor tyrosine kinase - SH2 
C) propranolol - β-adrenoreceptor - antagonist 
D) transcortin - aldosterone - adrenal cortex 
E) adenylate cyclase - cholera toxin - heterotrimeric G protein

Question 14

Which of the following hormones functions by binding to receptors that function directly as transcription factors?

Accepted Answer

A) steroids 
B) insulin 
C) epinephrine 
D) glucagon 
E) somatostatin 
A) steroids 
B) insulin 
C) epinephrine 
D) glucagon 
E) somatostatin

Question 15

The $\alpha$ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete _____ in response to ____ glucose levels in the liver.

Accepted Answer

A) insulin;low 
B) insulin;elevated 
C) glucagon;low 
D) glucagon;elevated 
E) somatostatin;elevated 
A) insulin;low 
B) insulin;elevated 
C) glucagon;low 
D) glucagon;elevated 
E) somatostatin;elevated

Question 16

Scaffold proteins limit

Accepted Answer

A) oncogene transfer. 
B) MAPK activity. 
C) cross-talk. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) signal amplification. 
A) oncogene transfer. 
B) MAPK activity. 
C) cross-talk. 
D) cell differentiation. 
E) signal amplification.

Question 17

Catecholamines mediate their effects through
(I)α-adrenoreceptors.
(II)β-adrenoreceptors.
(III)receptor tyrosine kinases.
(IV)monomeric G protein receptors
)

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) III and IV 
E) IV only 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) III and IV 
E) IV only

Question 18

The $\beta$ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete ______ in response to ______ glucose levels in the muscle and/or adipose tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) insulin;low 
B) insulin;elevated 
C) glucagon;low 
D) glucagon;elevated 
E) somatostatin;elevated 
A) insulin;low 
B) insulin;elevated 
C) glucagon;low 
D) glucagon;elevated 
E) somatostatin;elevated

Question 19

The ability of receptors to adapt to long-term stimulation by responding to changes in stimulation levels rather than absolute values of stimulation is called

Accepted Answer

A) dual-specificity. 
B) intrasteric sensitivity. 
C) autoinhibition. 
D) desensitization. 
E) switch regional detection. 
A) dual-specificity. 
B) intrasteric sensitivity. 
C) autoinhibition. 
D) desensitization. 
E) switch regional detection.

Question 20

Matching

-The ____ signaling pathway undergoes autophosphorylation resulting in kinase activation.

Accepted Answer

A)  receptors 
B)  phosphoinositide 
C)  rhodopsin 
D)  calmodulin 
E)  insulin
F) hypothalamus
G) cortisol
H) adrenal cortex
I) cyclic AMP
J) RasGAP
K) islets of Langerhans
L) adenylate cyclase (A
C) 
M) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) 
A)  receptors 
B)  phosphoinositide 
C)  rhodopsin 
D)  calmodulin 
E)  insulin
F) hypothalamus
G) cortisol
H) adrenal cortex
I) cyclic AMP
J) RasGAP
K) islets of Langerhans
L) adenylate cyclase (A
C) 
M) receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)

Exam 13: Biochemical Signaling

Which of the following proteins is a phosphatase activated by Ca2+ essential for T cell proliferation?

Which of the following proteins has a structural motif called an "EF hand"?

Which of the following is always true of hormones?

The virulent form of bubonic plague carries a protein called YopH.Which of the following is true?

Matching -Cytosolic calcium ion levels are altered by the _____ signaling pathway.

Which of the following correctly states an essential step in the function of heterotrimeric G protein function?

Which of the following increases the affinity of SH2 binding to phosphor-tyrosine?

Matching -A molecule that often functions as a second messenger is ______.

Matching -The hormone _____ is responsible for a variety of actions including the ability to cope with stress.

Which of the following describes the similarity between the following words? DAG,cAMP,IP3

The interaction (cross-talk)of various signaling pathways

Which of the following sets of terms has a member that does not belong?

Which of the following hormones functions by binding to receptors that function directly as transcription factors?

The α\alphaα cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete _____ in response to ____ glucose levels in the liver.

Scaffold proteins limit

Catecholamines mediate their effects through (I)α-adrenoreceptors. (II)β-adrenoreceptors. (III)receptor tyrosine kinases. (IV)monomeric G protein receptors )

The β\betaβ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete ______ in response to ______ glucose levels in the muscle and/or adipose tissue.

The ability of receptors to adapt to long-term stimulation by responding to changes in stimulation levels rather than absolute values of stimulation is called

Matching -The ____ signaling pathway undergoes autophosphorylation resulting in kinase activation.

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, inhibition and Control

Introduction to Metabolism

Glucose Catabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

DNA Replication, repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Which of the following proteins is a phosphatase activated by Ca²⁺ essential for T cell proliferation?

The $\alpha$ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete _ in response to glucose levels in the liver.

The $\beta$ cells of the islets of Langerhans secrete in response to glucose levels in the muscle and/or adipose tissue.