Question 1

Approximately how many ATP molecules are synthesized from the oxidation of 1 NADH?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 1)5 
C) 2 
D) 2)5 
E) 3 
A) 1 
B) 1)5 
C) 2 
D) 2)5 
E) 3

Question 2

The rate of oxidative phosphorylation
(I)is regulated by the availability of ADP and Pi.
(II)is reduced when the ratio of [NADH]/[NAD+] is high.
(III)increases with a higher concentration of reduced cytochrome c
(IV)is regulated by activity of the ADP-ATP translocator.

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,IV 
B) III,IV 
C) II,III 
D) I,III,IV 
E) II,IV 
A) I,II,IV 
B) III,IV 
C) II,III 
D) I,III,IV 
E) II,IV

Question 3

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-The cytochromes within complex III all contain _____ groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  shuttle 
B)  matrix 
C)  respiration 
D)  copper 
E)  heme
F) tunnel
G) plasma membrane
H) coenzyme Q
I) cytosol
J) antioxidant
K) wire
L) proton pump 
A)  shuttle 
B)  matrix 
C)  respiration 
D)  copper 
E)  heme
F) tunnel
G) plasma membrane
H) coenzyme Q
I) cytosol
J) antioxidant
K) wire
L) proton pump

Question 4

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-The inner mitochondrial membrane divides the mitochondrion into the inner membrane space and the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  shuttle 
B)  matrix 
C)  respiration 
D)  copper 
E)  heme
F) tunnel
G) plasma membrane
H) coenzyme Q
I) cytosol
J) antioxidant
K) wire
L) proton pump 
A)  shuttle 
B)  matrix 
C)  respiration 
D)  copper 
E)  heme
F) tunnel
G) plasma membrane
H) coenzyme Q
I) cytosol
J) antioxidant
K) wire
L) proton pump

Question 5

___ the gradient with the synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation.
(I)The Fo portion of ATP synthase
(II)Thermogenin uncouples
(III)2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)dissipates
(IV)An ionophore capable of transporting potassium ions across the membrane

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,III,IV 
B) II,III,IV 
C) II,III 
D) II only 
E) I,IV 
A) I,II,III,IV 
B) II,III,IV 
C) II,III 
D) II only 
E) I,IV

Question 6

A typical eukaryotic cell contains up to ____ mitochondria each bound by a smooth outer membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 20 
C) 2000 
D) 20,000 
E) 200,000 
A) 2 
B) 20 
C) 2000 
D) 20,000 
E) 200,000

Question 7

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-Protons moving through a transmembranc channel by "jumping" through an arrangement of hydrogen-bonded groups are described as moving through a proton ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  shuttle 
B)  matrix 
C)  respiration 
D)  copper 
E)  heme
F) tunnel
G) plasma membrane
H) coenzyme Q
I) cytosol
J) antioxidant
K) wire
L) proton pump 
A)  shuttle 
B)  matrix 
C)  respiration 
D)  copper 
E)  heme
F) tunnel
G) plasma membrane
H) coenzyme Q
I) cytosol
J) antioxidant
K) wire
L) proton pump

Question 8

An animal with the UCP-1 protein would
(I)generate excess heat.
(II)have lower energy levels.
(III)generate ATP efficiently via oxidative phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) I,II 
C) I,II,III 
D) I,III 
E) II,III 
A) I 
B) I,II 
C) I,II,III 
D) I,III 
E) II,III

Question 9

Based on the information in the chapter,which of the following is TRUE regarding Complex III?
(I)A large portion of Complex III dissociates from the membrane bound portion of the complex.
(II)Complex III contains three identical cytochrome redox centers.
(III)The Q cycle allows stepwise reoxidation of the two electrons from CoQH2.
(IV)A change in conformation of iron sulfur protein (ISP)ensures that the Reiske center is reduced preferentially by CoQ.-.

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) I,II 
C) III only 
D) III,IV 
E) I,III,IV 
A) I only 
B) I,II 
C) III only 
D) III,IV 
E) I,III,IV

Question 10

Some degenerative diseases,such as Parkinson's disease,are associated with ______ damage to ______.

Accepted Answer

A) oxidative;mitochondria 
B) thermogenic;mitochondria 
C) free radical;nuclei 
D) oxidative;nuclei 
E) thermogenic;nuclei 
A) oxidative;mitochondria 
B) thermogenic;mitochondria 
C) free radical;nuclei 
D) oxidative;nuclei 
E) thermogenic;nuclei

Question 11

Which conformation of the active sites in ATP synthase allows binding of substrates?

Accepted Answer

A) L state 
B) O state 
C) T state 
D) C state 
E) A and B 
A) L state 
B) O state 
C) T state 
D) C state 
E) A and B

Question 12

Matching
Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used.

-Cytochrome c oxidase contains four redox centers: two heme groups and two redox centers containing_______.

Accepted Answer

A)  shuttle 
B)  matrix 
C)  respiration 
D)  copper 
E)  heme
F) tunnel
G) plasma membrane
H) coenzyme Q
I) cytosol
J) antioxidant
K) wire
L) proton pump 
A)  shuttle 
B)  matrix 
C)  respiration 
D)  copper 
E)  heme
F) tunnel
G) plasma membrane
H) coenzyme Q
I) cytosol
J) antioxidant
K) wire
L) proton pump

Question 13

Consider the following half-reactions:
$\varepsilon$o' = -0.315 V NAD+ + H+ + 2 e- $\leftrightarrow$ NADH
$\varepsilon$o' = 0.815 V 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- $\leftrightarrow$ H2O
What is the $\varepsilon$o'for the following redox equation?
O2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+  $\to$ 2 H2O + 2 NAD+

Accepted Answer

A) -1.130 V 
B) -0.500 V 
C) +0.500 V 
D) +1.130 V 
E) none of the above 
A) -1.130 V 
B) -0.500 V 
C) +0.500 V 
D) +1.130 V 
E) none of the above

Question 14

According to the proposed reaction sequence presented in the chapter,cytochrome c oxidase obtains a fourth electron from a ____ residue adjacent to the heme a3-ligated O2,thus forming a transient radical.

Accepted Answer

A) serine 
B) threonine 
C) tyrosine 
D) phenylalanine 
E) tryptophan 
A) serine 
B) threonine 
C) tyrosine 
D) phenylalanine 
E) tryptophan

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE regarding heme proteins?
(I)Heme groups are capable of transferring electrons across large distances provided that some molecular network exists as a "path."
(II)Heme groups are often buried in protein structure because the protein protects the heme and prevents it from indiscriminately transferring electrons.
(III)The rate of electron transfer from a reduced heme is physiologically significant.
(IV)Heme groups are often differentiated by their absorption spectrum.

Accepted Answer

A) I,III 
B) I,III,IV. 
C) I,II 
D) II,IV 
E) I,II,III,IV 
A) I,III 
B) I,III,IV. 
C) I,II 
D) II,IV 
E) I,II,III,IV

Question 16

Antimycin A
(I)inhibition can be restored by addition of succinate.
(II)inhibition can be restored by addition of cytochrome c.
(III)blocks consumption of oxygen.
(IV)blocks transfer of electrons from CoQ to Complex III.

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,III,IV 
B) I,II,III 
C) II,III,IV 
D) II,III 
E) III only 
A) I,II,III,IV 
B) I,II,III 
C) II,III,IV 
D) II,III 
E) III only

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the mitochondrial inner membrane is TRUE?
(I)The inner membrane is permeable to CO2,H2O,and small ions.
(II)The inner membrane contains several transport proteins and membrane bound
Enzymes.
(III)In general,a higher inner membrane surface area correlates to a higher rate of
Respiration.
(IV)The number of cristae reflects the respiratory activity of the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,III,IV 
B) I,II,III 
C) II only 
D) II,III,IV 
E) III,IV 
A) I,II,III,IV 
B) I,II,III 
C) II only 
D) II,III,IV 
E) III,IV

Question 18

Use the table below to rank the redox centers in order to produce a favorable electron flow.

Accepted Answer

A) D,Q,F,C,Z 
B) Q,F,C,D,Z 
C) Z,Q,F,C,D 
D) Z,F,C,D,Q 
E) Z,Q,C,Q,D 
A) D,Q,F,C,Z 
B) Q,F,C,D,Z 
C) Z,Q,F,C,D 
D) Z,F,C,D,Q 
E) Z,Q,C,Q,D

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the complexes within the electron transport system?
(I)Complex II contributes twice as many protons to the gradient than Complex I
(II)Inhibition of Complex II would decrease the total number of electrons moving through the electron transport chain.
(III)Inhibition of Complex II would not alter the amount of free energy generated from electrons originating from NADH.
(IV)Complex I can accept electrons with higher potential than Complex II is able to accept.

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,III,IV 
B) I,II,III 
C) II only 
D) II,III 
E) III,IV 
A) I,II,III,IV 
B) I,II,III 
C) II only 
D) II,III 
E) III,IV

Question 20

What is the net result of the successive reactions catalyzed by superoxide dismutase and catalase?

Accepted Answer

A) conversion of the free radical O2. to H2O2,which is converted to water and O2 
B) conversion of the free radical O2.  to H2O2,which is converted to water and GSSG and water 
C) conversion of the free radical O2.  to peroxide,which is converted to CO2 and water 
D) conversion of the free radical O2. to carbon dioxide and water 
E) none of the above 
A) conversion of the free radical O2. to H2O2,which is converted to water and O2 
B) conversion of the free radical O2.  to H2O2,which is converted to water and GSSG and water 
C) conversion of the free radical O2.  to peroxide,which is converted to CO2 and water 
D) conversion of the free radical O2. to carbon dioxide and water 
E) none of the above

Exam 18: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Approximately how many ATP molecules are synthesized from the oxidation of 1 NADH?

The rate of oxidative phosphorylation (I)is regulated by the availability of ADP and Pi. (II)is reduced when the ratio of [NADH]/[NAD+] is high. (III)increases with a higher concentration of reduced cytochrome c (IV)is regulated by activity of the ADP-ATP translocator.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -The cytochromes within complex III all contain _____ groups.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -The inner mitochondrial membrane divides the mitochondrion into the inner membrane space and the ______.

___ the gradient with the synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. (I)The Fo portion of ATP synthase (II)Thermogenin uncouples (III)2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)dissipates (IV)An ionophore capable of transporting potassium ions across the membrane

A typical eukaryotic cell contains up to ____ mitochondria each bound by a smooth outer membrane.

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -Protons moving through a transmembranc channel by "jumping" through an arrangement of hydrogen-bonded groups are described as moving through a proton ______.

An animal with the UCP-1 protein would (I)generate excess heat. (II)have lower energy levels. (III)generate ATP efficiently via oxidative phosphorylation.

Some degenerative diseases,such as Parkinson's disease,are associated with ______ damage to ______.

Which conformation of the active sites in ATP synthase allows binding of substrates?

Matching Choose the correct answer from the list.Not all the answers will be used. -Cytochrome c oxidase contains four redox centers: two heme groups and two redox centers containing_______.

Consider the following half-reactions: ε\varepsilonε o' = -0.315 V NAD+ + H+ + 2 e- ↔\leftrightarrow↔ NADH ε\varepsilonε o' = 0.815 V 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- ↔\leftrightarrow↔ H2O What is the ε\varepsilonε o'for the following redox equation? O2 + 2 NADH + 2 H+ →\to→ 2 H2O + 2 NAD+

According to the proposed reaction sequence presented in the chapter,cytochrome c oxidase obtains a fourth electron from a ____ residue adjacent to the heme a3-ligated O2,thus forming a transient radical.

Antimycin A (I)inhibition can be restored by addition of succinate. (II)inhibition can be restored by addition of cytochrome c. (III)blocks consumption of oxygen. (IV)blocks transfer of electrons from CoQ to Complex III.

Use the table below to rank the redox centers in order to produce a favorable electron flow.

What is the net result of the successive reactions catalyzed by superoxide dismutase and catalase?

Introduction to the Chemistry of Life

Water

Nucleotides, nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information

Amino Acids

Proteins: Primary Structure

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure

Protein Function Part I: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Biological Membranes

Membrane Transport

Enzyme Catalysis

Enzyme Kinetics, inhibition and Control

Biochemical Signaling

Introduction to Metabolism

Glucose Catabolism

Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis

Citric Acid Cycle

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acid Structure

DNA Replication, repair and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

The rate of oxidative phosphorylation (I)is regulated by the availability of ADP and P_i. (II)is reduced when the ratio of [NADH]/[NAD⁺] is high. (III)increases with a higher concentration of reduced cytochrome c (IV)is regulated by activity of the ADP-ATP translocator.

___ the gradient with the synthesis of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. (I)The F_o portion of ATP synthase (II)Thermogenin uncouples (III)2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP)dissipates (IV)An ionophore capable of transporting potassium ions across the membrane

Some degenerative diseases,such as Parkinson's disease,are associated with damage to .

According to the proposed reaction sequence presented in the chapter,cytochrome c oxidase obtains a fourth electron from a ____ residue adjacent to the heme a₃-ligated O₂,thus forming a transient radical.