Question 1

What may have been the "reason" for the "Cambrian explosion"?

Accepted Answer

The "Cambrian explosion" refers to a rel

Question 2

Describe the first evidence for chemical evolution that came from Stanley Miller's experiment.

Accepted Answer

The first evidence for chemical evolutio

Question 3

Why can't we set up an experiment that would again duplicate the conditions that were present at the early origin of protocells?

Accepted Answer

Setting up an experiment to duplicate th

Question 4

Submarine hot springs where seawater seeps through cracks in the bottom and comes close to the hot magma are called __________ ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Submarine hot springs where seawater seeps through...

Question 5

A molecule of RNA that has enzymatic or catalytic properties is called a _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  deoxyribose 
B)  nucleotide 
C)  ribonucleic acid 
D)  ribozyme 
A)  deoxyribose 
B)  nucleotide 
C)  ribonucleic acid 
D)  ribozyme

Question 6

Who first performed an experiment that proved that amino acids could be produced in the laboratory from a reducing atmosphere and electrical sparks?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller and Harold Urey 
B)  Graham CairnsSmith 
C)  Thomas Cech 
D)  Alexander Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane 
A)  Stanley Miller and Harold Urey 
B)  Graham CairnsSmith 
C)  Thomas Cech 
D)  Alexander Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane

Question 7

Amino acids are linked together to form proteins by __________ bonds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Amino acids are linked together to form...

Question 8

What evidence do scientists have that the earth's primeval atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Scientists have gathered evidence to sup

Question 9

The term ____________ refers broadly to compounds that contain carbon.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term ____________ refers broadly to compounds...

Question 10

Does the recognition of prokaryotes as two major lineages,Archaebacteria and Eubacteria,result in any major changes to the internal taxonomic arrangement of the fungi,protozoan groups,plants and animals?

Accepted Answer

The recognition of prokaryotes as two ma

Question 11

Sidney Fox studied the synthesis of polypeptides into polymers which in water formed small spherical bodies called ____________ _____________.

Accepted Answer

proteinoid

Question 12

If the hypothesis that protocells were based on an "RNA world" is correct,what would be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

Accepted Answer

A)  An enzyme or reaction capable of removing one oxygen from ribose in nucleotides 
B)  Enzymes for reverse transcription of RNA into DNA 
C)  New enzymes to replicate the DNA 
D)  New enzymes for transcribing DNA back to RNA 
E)  All are necessary to switch to a "DNA world." 
A)  An enzyme or reaction capable of removing one oxygen from ribose in nucleotides 
B)  Enzymes for reverse transcription of RNA into DNA 
C)  New enzymes to replicate the DNA 
D)  New enzymes for transcribing DNA back to RNA 
E)  All are necessary to switch to a "DNA world."

Question 13

Which of the following is the most abundant carbohydrate in the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellulose 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Fructose 
D)  Glucose 
A)  Cellulose 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Fructose 
D)  Glucose

Question 14

A solution that has a pH of 5 has

Accepted Answer

A)  a concentration of H+ 20 times higher than water. 
B)  a concentration of H+ 100 times higher than water. 
C)  a concentration of H+ the same as water. 
D)  a concentration of H+ 20 times lower than water. 
E)  a concentration of H+ 100 times lower than water. 
A)  a concentration of H+ 20 times higher than water. 
B)  a concentration of H+ 100 times higher than water. 
C)  a concentration of H+ the same as water. 
D)  a concentration of H+ 20 times lower than water. 
E)  a concentration of H+ 100 times lower than water.

Question 15

DNA and RNA are polymers composed of repeated units called

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleotides. 
B)  bases. 
C)  sugars. 
D)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  nucleotides. 
B)  bases. 
C)  sugars. 
D)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Prions are infectious

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  Prions are not actually infectious. 
A)  carbohydrates. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  Prions are not actually infectious.

Question 17

At the molecular level,a cell's ability to vary in its operational tolerance to temperature,etc.,is most closely related to

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme activity and protein denaturation. 
B)  ATP efficiency. 
C)  replication of nucleic acids. 
D)  extent of saturation of fatty acids. 
A)  enzyme activity and protein denaturation. 
B)  ATP efficiency. 
C)  replication of nucleic acids. 
D)  extent of saturation of fatty acids.

Question 18

An alternative environment to the "hot dilute soup" and clay hypothesis that offers a possible source of energy and molecules for the origin of life is/are the

Accepted Answer

A)  frozen Antarctic ice sheets. 
B)  surface of Mars. 
C)  hydrothermal vents in ocean bottoms. 
D)  Earth mantle and core. 
A)  frozen Antarctic ice sheets. 
B)  surface of Mars. 
C)  hydrothermal vents in ocean bottoms. 
D)  Earth mantle and core.

Question 19

Which of the following carbohydrates is used in animal muscle and liver cells for energy storage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Starch 
B)  Chitin 
C)  Cellulose 
D)  Glycogen 
A)  Starch 
B)  Chitin 
C)  Cellulose 
D)  Glycogen

Question 20

Heating dry mixtures of amino acids and then mixing them with water forms small

Accepted Answer

A)  strands of DNA. 
B)  living cells. 
C)  proteinoid microspheres. 
D)  plasma membranes. 
A)  strands of DNA. 
B)  living cells. 
C)  proteinoid microspheres. 
D)  plasma membranes.

Exam 2: The Origin and Chemistry of Life

What may have been the "reason" for the "Cambrian explosion"?

Describe the first evidence for chemical evolution that came from Stanley Miller's experiment.

Why can't we set up an experiment that would again duplicate the conditions that were present at the early origin of protocells?

Submarine hot springs where seawater seeps through cracks in the bottom and comes close to the hot magma are called __________ ___________.

A molecule of RNA that has enzymatic or catalytic properties is called a _______________.

Who first performed an experiment that proved that amino acids could be produced in the laboratory from a reducing atmosphere and electrical sparks?

Amino acids are linked together to form proteins by __________ bonds.

What evidence do scientists have that the earth's primeval atmosphere was a reducing atmosphere?

The term ____________ refers broadly to compounds that contain carbon.

Does the recognition of prokaryotes as two major lineages,Archaebacteria and Eubacteria,result in any major changes to the internal taxonomic arrangement of the fungi,protozoan groups,plants and animals?

Sidney Fox studied the synthesis of polypeptides into polymers which in water formed small spherical bodies called ____________ _____________.

If the hypothesis that protocells were based on an "RNA world" is correct,what would be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

Which of the following is the most abundant carbohydrate in the world?

A solution that has a pH of 5 has

DNA and RNA are polymers composed of repeated units called

Prions are infectious

At the molecular level,a cell's ability to vary in its operational tolerance to temperature,etc.,is most closely related to

An alternative environment to the "hot dilute soup" and clay hypothesis that offers a possible source of energy and molecules for the origin of life is/are the

Which of the following carbohydrates is used in animal muscle and liver cells for energy storage?

Heating dry mixtures of amino acids and then mixing them with water forms small

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

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Submarine hot springs where seawater seeps through cracks in the bottom and comes close to the hot magma are called _.

Sidney Fox studied the synthesis of polypeptides into polymers which in water formed small spherical bodies called _.