Question 1

The closest model for the vertebrate ancestral stock is something similar to the _______ _______.

Accepted Answer

ammocoete larva

Question 2

The oldest jawed fishes are extinct and are called ____________.

Accepted Answer

placoderms

Question 3

The lancelets or Branchiostoma are found

Accepted Answer

A)  very rarely and are about extinct. 
B)  as parasites inside the tracts of fish. 
C)  commonly in the sandy bottoms of coastal waters around the world. 
D)  in tropical freshwater streams. 
E)  near deep ocean thermal vents. 
A)  very rarely and are about extinct. 
B)  as parasites inside the tracts of fish. 
C)  commonly in the sandy bottoms of coastal waters around the world. 
D)  in tropical freshwater streams. 
E)  near deep ocean thermal vents. C

Question 4

A notochord is most correctly defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  a primitive spine. 
B)  the tissue that becomes the dorsal nerve. 
C)  a flexible stiffening rod extending the length of the body. 
D)  embryonic tissue that develops into bone and cartilage. 
E)  any tissue that functions in the role of a dorsal tubular nerve cord. 
A)  a primitive spine. 
B)  the tissue that becomes the dorsal nerve. 
C)  a flexible stiffening rod extending the length of the body. 
D)  embryonic tissue that develops into bone and cartilage. 
E)  any tissue that functions in the role of a dorsal tubular nerve cord.

Question 5

Development of the vertebrate head and sense organs was largely the result of two innovations:

Accepted Answer

A)  Appearance of an outer epidermis and an inner dermis 
B)  Neural crest and ectodermal placodes 
C)  Living endoskeleton and highly differentiated brain 
D)  10 to 12 pairs of cranial nerves and an autonomic nervous system 
E)  Pharynx and endocrine system 
A)  Appearance of an outer epidermis and an inner dermis 
B)  Neural crest and ectodermal placodes 
C)  Living endoskeleton and highly differentiated brain 
D)  10 to 12 pairs of cranial nerves and an autonomic nervous system 
E)  Pharynx and endocrine system

Question 6

All chordates have

Accepted Answer

A)  a single, dorsal, tubular, nerve cord. 
B)  a ventral heart. 
C)  pharyngeal slits. 
D)  a postanal tail as some stage. 
E)  all of the choices are chordate features. 
A)  a single, dorsal, tubular, nerve cord. 
B)  a ventral heart. 
C)  pharyngeal slits. 
D)  a postanal tail as some stage. 
E)  all of the choices are chordate features.

Question 7

Salps in the class Thalacea

Accepted Answer

A)  are barrel-shaped open-ocean organisms. 
B)  have larger transparent bodies. 
C)  may be luminous at night. 
D)  may occur singly or in long chains. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  are barrel-shaped open-ocean organisms. 
B)  have larger transparent bodies. 
C)  may be luminous at night. 
D)  may occur singly or in long chains. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Discuss the contention that the ammocoete larva of lampreys is a successful model of the primitive vertebrate body plan.

Accepted Answer

The ammocoete larva of lampreys has been

Question 9

Explain why fossil specimens of Haikouella lanceolata offer many clues to understanding the evolution of vertebrates from cephalochordates.

Accepted Answer

Fossil specimens of Haikouella lanceolat

Question 10

Tunicates belong to the subphylum ______________ (Tunicata).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Tunicates belong to the subphylum ______________ (Tunicata)....

Question 11

Usually we think of evolution acting on organisms with different structures.How could evolution select the developmental pattern seen in paedomorphosis?

Accepted Answer

Evolution can select for the development

Question 12

Unlike most invertebrate phyla,the nerve cord of chordates is single,tubular,and located ___________ to the alimentary canal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Unlike most invertebrate phyla,the nerve cord of...

Question 13

One example of why a cladist is not satisfied with the traditional classification scheme is because it

Accepted Answer

A)  includes too many levels of classification. 
B)  includes humans among the mammals. 
C)  includes birds with the reptiles. 
D)  does not include birds with the reptiles. 
E)  does not reflect evolutionary lineages. 
A)  includes too many levels of classification. 
B)  includes humans among the mammals. 
C)  includes birds with the reptiles. 
D)  does not include birds with the reptiles. 
E)  does not reflect evolutionary lineages.

Question 14

Pikaia gracilens,the earliest known chordate collected from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia,closely resembles

Accepted Answer

A)  the amphioxus lancelet. 
B)  living sessile tunicates. 
C)  the ammocoete larva. 
D)  an adult larvacean. 
E)  the lamprey. 
A)  the amphioxus lancelet. 
B)  living sessile tunicates. 
C)  the ammocoete larva. 
D)  an adult larvacean. 
E)  the lamprey.

Question 15

The jawless vertebrates are called Agnatha,and the jawed vertebrates are called __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The jawless vertebrates are called Agnatha,and the...

Question 16

Cephalochordates

Accepted Answer

A)  are small fish-like, freshwater animals. 
B)  have a notochord only in their immature stage. 
C)  digest food in a hepatic cecum or liver diverticulum. 
D)  have a ventral nerve cord. 
E)  have a heart that circulates blood cells with hemoglobin in a closed system. 
A)  are small fish-like, freshwater animals. 
B)  have a notochord only in their immature stage. 
C)  digest food in a hepatic cecum or liver diverticulum. 
D)  have a ventral nerve cord. 
E)  have a heart that circulates blood cells with hemoglobin in a closed system.

Question 17

Organisms that retain the larval form of their evolutionary ancestors when they are sexually mature are called

Accepted Answer

A)  Larviparous. 
B)  Paedomorphic. 
C)  Nymphogenic. 
D)  Precocial. 
E)  Kinderwizzen. 
A)  Larviparous. 
B)  Paedomorphic. 
C)  Nymphogenic. 
D)  Precocial. 
E)  Kinderwizzen.

Question 18

The characteristics of the chordates and the characteristics of the vertebrates are not the same.List the features that distinguish these two groups.

Accepted Answer

Chordates are a group of animals that po

Question 19

Chordates typically have

Accepted Answer

A)  a notochord. 
B)  radial cleavage. 
C)  the anus derived from the blastopore. 
D)  a coelom that is either enterocoelous or schizocoelous. 
E)  all of the choices are typical chordate features. 
A)  a notochord. 
B)  radial cleavage. 
C)  the anus derived from the blastopore. 
D)  a coelom that is either enterocoelous or schizocoelous. 
E)  all of the choices are typical chordate features.

Question 20

The ostracoderms

Accepted Answer

A)  are the adult form of the ammocoete. 
B)  were the first vertebrate to have jaws. 
C)  are an extinct group of heavily armored, jawless fish. 
D)  were the first fish with paired fins that led to paired appendages. 
E)  were the first jawed animals. 
A)  are the adult form of the ammocoete. 
B)  were the first vertebrate to have jaws. 
C)  are an extinct group of heavily armored, jawless fish. 
D)  were the first fish with paired fins that led to paired appendages. 
E)  were the first jawed animals.

Exam 23: Chordates

The closest model for the vertebrate ancestral stock is something similar to the _______ _______.

The oldest jawed fishes are extinct and are called ____________.

The lancelets or Branchiostoma are found

A notochord is most correctly defined as

Development of the vertebrate head and sense organs was largely the result of two innovations:

All chordates have

Salps in the class Thalacea

Discuss the contention that the ammocoete larva of lampreys is a successful model of the primitive vertebrate body plan.

Explain why fossil specimens of Haikouella lanceolata offer many clues to understanding the evolution of vertebrates from cephalochordates.

Tunicates belong to the subphylum ______________ (Tunicata).

Usually we think of evolution acting on organisms with different structures.How could evolution select the developmental pattern seen in paedomorphosis?

Unlike most invertebrate phyla,the nerve cord of chordates is single,tubular,and located ___________ to the alimentary canal.

One example of why a cladist is not satisfied with the traditional classification scheme is because it

Pikaia gracilens,the earliest known chordate collected from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia,closely resembles

The jawless vertebrates are called Agnatha,and the jawed vertebrates are called __________________.

Cephalochordates

Organisms that retain the larval form of their evolutionary ancestors when they are sexually mature are called

The characteristics of the chordates and the characteristics of the vertebrates are not the same.List the features that distinguish these two groups.

Chordates typically have

The ostracoderms

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

Filters

The closest model for the vertebrate ancestral stock is something similar to the _ _.