Question 1

Which of the following would form a nested hierarchy or hierarchies of homologies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans share most common blood types but we have fewer in common with monkeys and share fewest with rats 
B)  Birds have feathers, muscles and nucleated cells; fish have muscles and nucleated cells; an amoeba has a nucleus 
C)  Skeletal measurements cluster among modern apes and humans; ape-man fossil skeletal features also cluster and overlap with both modern apes and humans 
D)  All of the choices include nested hierarchies of homologies 
A)  Humans share most common blood types but we have fewer in common with monkeys and share fewest with rats 
B)  Birds have feathers, muscles and nucleated cells; fish have muscles and nucleated cells; an amoeba has a nucleus 
C)  Skeletal measurements cluster among modern apes and humans; ape-man fossil skeletal features also cluster and overlap with both modern apes and humans 
D)  All of the choices include nested hierarchies of homologies D

Question 2

The essential difference between vicariant speciation versus a founder event is that

Accepted Answer

A)  vicariance involves splitting while a founder effect is fusing of two populations. 
B)  the founder effect is the reverse of vicariant speciation. 
C)  although a population is split by a vicariant event, the population size and environment does not alter gene frequencies as does a founder event. 
D)  although a population is split by a founder event, the population size and environment does not alter gene frequencies as does a vicariant event. 
A)  vicariance involves splitting while a founder effect is fusing of two populations. 
B)  the founder effect is the reverse of vicariant speciation. 
C)  although a population is split by a vicariant event, the population size and environment does not alter gene frequencies as does a founder event. 
D)  although a population is split by a founder event, the population size and environment does not alter gene frequencies as does a vicariant event. C

Question 3

Cutting off the legs of toads over several generations should cause the legs of their offspring to become shorter,according to the ideas of which of these scientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin 
B)  Lamarck 
C)  Mayr 
D)  Lyell 
A)  Darwin 
B)  Lamarck 
C)  Mayr 
D)  Lyell B

Question 4

Explain how Malthus' work in socioeconomics applied to the development of Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Accepted Answer

Thomas Malthus was an economist who prop

Question 5

The use of bird feathers for flight is an example of ________________ which contrasts to adaptation of the feather for its primary evolutionary role,thermoregulation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of bird feathers for flight...

Question 6

Discuss the views of paleontologist Elisabeth Vrba,who uses the term effect macroevolution to describe differential speciation and extinction rates among lineages caused by organismal-level properties.

Accepted Answer

Paleontologist Elisabeth Vrba is known f

Question 7

Which of the statements is true of the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the stratified layers will be found anywhere a core sample is taken, except for human destruction. 
B)  Provided there is no uplifting, tilt, etc., the deeper the layer, the more recently it was laid down. 
C)  Once fossils are formed in a sedimentary layer, they are then protected from temperature and heat. 
D)  Fossil assemblages are important in identifying sedimentary layers and different layers have different assemblages of fossils. 
A)  All of the stratified layers will be found anywhere a core sample is taken, except for human destruction. 
B)  Provided there is no uplifting, tilt, etc., the deeper the layer, the more recently it was laid down. 
C)  Once fossils are formed in a sedimentary layer, they are then protected from temperature and heat. 
D)  Fossil assemblages are important in identifying sedimentary layers and different layers have different assemblages of fossils.

Question 8

Lamarck's theory explaining evolution is considered ______ because it ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  variational; involves descent with selection among varieties 
B)  variational; explains the variations of fossils 
C)  transformational; claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution 
D)  transformational; involves descent with selection among varieties 
A)  variational; involves descent with selection among varieties 
B)  variational; explains the variations of fossils 
C)  transformational; claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution 
D)  transformational; involves descent with selection among varieties

Question 9

The concept that features of an ancestral ontogeny can be shifted earlier or later in development is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  Larmarckism. 
B)  Heterochrony. 
C)  Paedomorphosis. 
D)  Recapitulation. 
A)  Larmarckism. 
B)  Heterochrony. 
C)  Paedomorphosis. 
D)  Recapitulation.

Question 10

Both Wallace and Darwin read about the critical concept of overpopulation and limited environmental capacity in a book by

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Lyell about human populations. 
B)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck about the mechanisms of evolution. 
C)  Ernst Mayr on the synthesis of new biological discoveries. 
D)  Thomas Malthus about human populations. 
A)  Charles Lyell about human populations. 
B)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck about the mechanisms of evolution. 
C)  Ernst Mayr on the synthesis of new biological discoveries. 
D)  Thomas Malthus about human populations.

Question 11

Some creationists acknowledge that gene frequencies change in observable time (and accept microevolution)but dispute that larger "kinds" ever evolve.A biologist replies that macroevolution is merely the same processes of gene frequency change continued over a longer time.The creationist's answer is incomplete because it does not recognize what additional phenomena inherent in macroevolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinctions of huge numbers of taxa 
B)  Relationships of species at higher taxonomic levels 
C)  Origins of new body plans and structures 
D)  Evolutionary trends within lineages 
E)  All of the choices are studied in macroevolution but are not central to microevolution within a species 
A)  Extinctions of huge numbers of taxa 
B)  Relationships of species at higher taxonomic levels 
C)  Origins of new body plans and structures 
D)  Evolutionary trends within lineages 
E)  All of the choices are studied in macroevolution but are not central to microevolution within a species

Question 12

The 19th century embryologist K.E.von Baer examined recapitulation and

Accepted Answer

A)  agreed with the theory and added more experimental evidence. 
B)  totally disproved it with new experiments. 
C)  contended that early developmental stages were simply more widely shared among different animals than later, more derived developmental stages. 
D)  refined it to explain heterochrony and paedomorphosis. 
E)  proposed that it was the key to speciation. 
A)  agreed with the theory and added more experimental evidence. 
B)  totally disproved it with new experiments. 
C)  contended that early developmental stages were simply more widely shared among different animals than later, more derived developmental stages. 
D)  refined it to explain heterochrony and paedomorphosis. 
E)  proposed that it was the key to speciation.

Question 13

Which statement is NOT true about natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored over another different extreme phenotype 
B)  Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the extreme phenotypes 
C)  Directional selection leads to the best fit phenotype in the population when the environment remains the same 
D)  Disruptive selection leads to polymorphism, favoring different forms of the same species 
A)  Directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored over another different extreme phenotype 
B)  Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the extreme phenotypes 
C)  Directional selection leads to the best fit phenotype in the population when the environment remains the same 
D)  Disruptive selection leads to polymorphism, favoring different forms of the same species

Question 14

Which of the following is correct about genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is more likely to occur in a large population than in a small population 
B)  It increases the number of heterozygotes in a population 
C)  It may increase the frequency of rare alleles in a population 
D)  None of the choices are correct 
A)  It is more likely to occur in a large population than in a small population 
B)  It increases the number of heterozygotes in a population 
C)  It may increase the frequency of rare alleles in a population 
D)  None of the choices are correct

Question 15

When two adjacent populations of the same species have gene flow,the two populations will

Accepted Answer

A)  become more similar in their gene pools. 
B)  become isolated from each other. 
C)  develop into different species. 
D)  adapt to different conditions and become separate. 
A)  become more similar in their gene pools. 
B)  become isolated from each other. 
C)  develop into different species. 
D)  adapt to different conditions and become separate.

Question 16

The evolution of the horse shows what evolutionary trend(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of structures always increases; therefore complexity always increases. 
B)  Extinctions are often accompanied by the development of new species. 
C)  Animals always evolve from gentle grazers toward more vicious omnivores and carnivores. 
D)  Variations randomly drift from large to small, toward and away from grinding teeth, and to more or fewer toes, proving that evolution is indeed random. 
A)  The number of structures always increases; therefore complexity always increases. 
B)  Extinctions are often accompanied by the development of new species. 
C)  Animals always evolve from gentle grazers toward more vicious omnivores and carnivores. 
D)  Variations randomly drift from large to small, toward and away from grinding teeth, and to more or fewer toes, proving that evolution is indeed random.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true about a modern phylogeny of life's history?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are multiple independent origins of the distinct life forms: bacteria, plants, etc. 
B)  It is only based on living organisms since the reproductive isolation of extinct species cannot be determined 
C)  All forms of life including extinct branches are related 
D)  Genealogies can only be traced for groups where the primordial ancestor has survived 
A)  There are multiple independent origins of the distinct life forms: bacteria, plants, etc. 
B)  It is only based on living organisms since the reproductive isolation of extinct species cannot be determined 
C)  All forms of life including extinct branches are related 
D)  Genealogies can only be traced for groups where the primordial ancestor has survived

Question 18

Scientists recognize a species on what criterion(a)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although individuals within a given species may have variable phenotypes, the individuals within most species usually have similar phenotypes 
B)  There is similarity of genotype within a species and identifiable differences from members of other species 
C)  Members of a species can interbreed, but typically do not breed with other species 
D)  Members of related species have a most recent common ancestor 
E)  All of the choices are used in a general sense to distinguish species 
A)  Although individuals within a given species may have variable phenotypes, the individuals within most species usually have similar phenotypes 
B)  There is similarity of genotype within a species and identifiable differences from members of other species 
C)  Members of a species can interbreed, but typically do not breed with other species 
D)  Members of related species have a most recent common ancestor 
E)  All of the choices are used in a general sense to distinguish species

Question 19

Speciation that results from evolution of reproductive barriers between geographically separated populations is called ___________ speciation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Speciation that results from evolution of reproductive...

Question 20

A male peacock that displays showy and cumbersome feathers to attract a mate,but then is more vulnerable to predators,reveals the predicament of

Accepted Answer

A)  polymorphism. 
B)  disruptive selection. 
C)  species selection. 
D)  sexual selection. 
A)  polymorphism. 
B)  disruptive selection. 
C)  species selection. 
D)  sexual selection.

Exam 6: Organic Evolution

Which of the following would form a nested hierarchy or hierarchies of homologies?

The essential difference between vicariant speciation versus a founder event is that

Cutting off the legs of toads over several generations should cause the legs of their offspring to become shorter,according to the ideas of which of these scientists?

Explain how Malthus' work in socioeconomics applied to the development of Darwin's theory of natural selection.

The use of bird feathers for flight is an example of ________________ which contrasts to adaptation of the feather for its primary evolutionary role,thermoregulation.

Discuss the views of paleontologist Elisabeth Vrba,who uses the term effect macroevolution to describe differential speciation and extinction rates among lineages caused by organismal-level properties.

Which of the statements is true of the fossil record?

Lamarck's theory explaining evolution is considered ______ because it ______.

The concept that features of an ancestral ontogeny can be shifted earlier or later in development is termed

Both Wallace and Darwin read about the critical concept of overpopulation and limited environmental capacity in a book by

The 19th century embryologist K.E.von Baer examined recapitulation and

Which statement is NOT true about natural selection?

Which of the following is correct about genetic drift?

When two adjacent populations of the same species have gene flow,the two populations will

The evolution of the horse shows what evolutionary trend(s)?

Which of the following statements is true about a modern phylogeny of life's history?

Scientists recognize a species on what criterion(a)?

Speciation that results from evolution of reproductive barriers between geographically separated populations is called ___________ speciation.

A male peacock that displays showy and cumbersome feathers to attract a mate,but then is more vulnerable to predators,reveals the predicament of

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

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Annelids and Allied Taxa

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Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

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Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

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Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

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Animal Behavior

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Lamarck's theory explaining evolution is considered because it .

The 19^th century embryologist K.E.von Baer examined recapitulation and