Question 1

Which best describes muscle action?

Accepted Answer

A)  a nerve stimulus causes the muscle to jerk as a reflex response. 
B)  a nerve stimulus releases ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction. 
C)  the release of acetylcholine from the nerve junction flows across the muscle cell and the calcium released causes the actin and myosin molecules to spread apart. 
D)  myosin and actin molecules will use ATP and catch-pull-release as long as nerve stimuli prevent troponin from blocking the action. 
E)  none of the choices are correct. 
A)  a nerve stimulus causes the muscle to jerk as a reflex response. 
B)  a nerve stimulus releases ATP to provide energy for muscle contraction. 
C)  the release of acetylcholine from the nerve junction flows across the muscle cell and the calcium released causes the actin and myosin molecules to spread apart. 
D)  myosin and actin molecules will use ATP and catch-pull-release as long as nerve stimuli prevent troponin from blocking the action. 
E)  none of the choices are correct. D

Question 2

The difference(s)between a cilium and flagellum is (are)

Accepted Answer

A)  their internal structure and rate of beat. 
B)  their internal and external structure. 
C)  their external structure only. 
D)  their size, number, and beating pattern. 
E)  their primary source of energy. 
A)  their internal structure and rate of beat. 
B)  their internal and external structure. 
C)  their external structure only. 
D)  their size, number, and beating pattern. 
E)  their primary source of energy. D

Question 3

Bone growth involves its destruction internally by bone resorbing cells called

Accepted Answer

A)  chondrocytes. 
B)  osteons. 
C)  osteoblasts. 
D)  osteoclasts. 
E)  canaliculi. 
A)  chondrocytes. 
B)  osteons. 
C)  osteoblasts. 
D)  osteoclasts. 
E)  canaliculi. D

Question 4

Bone that develops from cartilage is called _________ bone,a word meaning "within cartilage."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bone that develops from cartilage is called...

Question 5

Compare the operation of fast and slow fibers.What are the functions of each type of muscle?

Accepted Answer

Fast and slow fibers refer to the two ma

Question 6

The functional unit of a myofibril is the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The functional unit of a myofibril is...

Question 7

Cells become cornified when the fibrous protein ___________________ accumulates within the cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells become cornified when the fibrous protein...

Question 8

Discuss the uses of the pigment melanin in the animal kingdom (e.g.,temperature regulation,concealment,etc.).

Accepted Answer

Melanin is a pigment found in the skin,

Question 9

The protein complex located at intervals along the actin strand of skeletal muscle is a calcium-dependent switch called ___________ that acts as the control point in the contraction process.

Accepted Answer

A)  myosin. 
B)  tropomyosin. 
C)  sarconin. 
D)  troponin. 
E)  myoglobin. 
A)  myosin. 
B)  tropomyosin. 
C)  sarconin. 
D)  troponin. 
E)  myoglobin.

Question 10

When you get a suntan,why does it soon fade away if you do not consistently spend time in the sun?

Accepted Answer

A)  The melanin breaks down if not kept warm 
B)  The melanin is absorbed at a constant rate and you have to build it up faster than it is absorbed 
C)  "Tanned" cells are eventually sloughed off (although melanin is produced in living stem cells that continue to divide, half the melanin is lost into each daughter cell that dies and is pushed to the surface) 
D)  Sunlight suppresses the lighter skin pigments and they can again return to mask the melanin 
E)  Ultraviolet radiation destroys melanin 
A)  The melanin breaks down if not kept warm 
B)  The melanin is absorbed at a constant rate and you have to build it up faster than it is absorbed 
C)  "Tanned" cells are eventually sloughed off (although melanin is produced in living stem cells that continue to divide, half the melanin is lost into each daughter cell that dies and is pushed to the surface) 
D)  Sunlight suppresses the lighter skin pigments and they can again return to mask the melanin 
E)  Ultraviolet radiation destroys melanin

Question 11

The organization of a muscle,from largest unit to smallest,is

Accepted Answer

A)  discrete muscle-fiber-fascicle-myofibrils-myofilaments. 
B)  discrete muscle-myofibrils- myofilaments-fiber-fascicle. 
C)  discrete muscle-fiber-fascicle-myofilaments-myofibrils. 
D)  discrete muscle-fascicle-fiber-myofibrils-myofilaments. 
E)  discrete muscle-fascicle-myofibrils-fiber-myofilaments. 
A)  discrete muscle-fiber-fascicle-myofibrils-myofilaments. 
B)  discrete muscle-myofibrils- myofilaments-fiber-fascicle. 
C)  discrete muscle-fiber-fascicle-myofilaments-myofibrils. 
D)  discrete muscle-fascicle-fiber-myofibrils-myofilaments. 
E)  discrete muscle-fascicle-myofibrils-fiber-myofilaments.

Question 12

Bone tissue should be characterized as

Accepted Answer

A)  merely nonliving secretions of calcium. 
B)  a dead cell product similar to the keratin of hair. 
C)  active tissue with a rich blood supply. 
D)  a barely active, low metabolism, tissue. 
E)  the equivalent of a calcium carbonate clam shell. 
A)  merely nonliving secretions of calcium. 
B)  a dead cell product similar to the keratin of hair. 
C)  active tissue with a rich blood supply. 
D)  a barely active, low metabolism, tissue. 
E)  the equivalent of a calcium carbonate clam shell.

Question 13

The backbone of the thin filament of striated muscle is a double strand of the protein _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The backbone of the thin filament of...

Question 14

The immediate source of energy in muscle is ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The immediate source of energy in muscle...

Question 15

The reflective properties of surface tissue may form

Accepted Answer

A)  organic pigments. 
B)  structural colors such as iridescence. 
C)  chromatophores. 
D)  the melanin effect. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  organic pigments. 
B)  structural colors such as iridescence. 
C)  chromatophores. 
D)  the melanin effect. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 16

Hyaline cartilage contains

Accepted Answer

A)  collagenous fibers surrounding numerous blood vessels. 
B)  osteocytes surrounded by a calcium gel and a meshwork of collagenous fibers. 
C)  chondrocytes surrounded by a protein gel complex and a meshwork of collagenous fibers. 
D)  lacunae containing osteocytes and a meshwork of collagenous fibers. 
E)  a highly variable mixture of protein gel and carbohydrate crystals. 
A)  collagenous fibers surrounding numerous blood vessels. 
B)  osteocytes surrounded by a calcium gel and a meshwork of collagenous fibers. 
C)  chondrocytes surrounded by a protein gel complex and a meshwork of collagenous fibers. 
D)  lacunae containing osteocytes and a meshwork of collagenous fibers. 
E)  a highly variable mixture of protein gel and carbohydrate crystals.

Question 17

Which skeletal features comprise the axial skeleton? The appendicular skeleton? Why are these skeletal features separated into two distinct categories? Is there any difference in the way they are formed?

Accepted Answer

The axial skeleton comprises the skull,

Question 18

"Dynein arms link to adjacent microtubules,then swivel and release in repeated cycles,causing microtubules on the concave side to slide outward past microtubules on the convex side" describes the action moving a

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle fiber. 
B)  cilium or flagellum. 
C)  contractile vacuole. 
D)  pseudopodium. 
E)  cell organelle. 
A)  muscle fiber. 
B)  cilium or flagellum. 
C)  contractile vacuole. 
D)  pseudopodium. 
E)  cell organelle.

Question 19

The most important protein contractile system is the

Accepted Answer

A)  contractile vacuole. 
B)  actomyosin system. 
C)  ectoplasm-endoplasm system. 
D)  flagellar system. 
E)  microtubular system. 
A)  contractile vacuole. 
B)  actomyosin system. 
C)  ectoplasm-endoplasm system. 
D)  flagellar system. 
E)  microtubular system.

Question 20

An example of a non-muscular hydrostatic skeleton is

Accepted Answer

A)  an elephant's trunk. 
B)  the earthworm's body. 
C)  the human tongue. 
D)  a squid tentacle. 
E)  All of the choices are hydrostatic skeletons. 
A)  an elephant's trunk. 
B)  the earthworm's body. 
C)  the human tongue. 
D)  a squid tentacle. 
E)  All of the choices are hydrostatic skeletons.

Exam 29: Support, protection, and Movement

Which best describes muscle action?

The difference(s)between a cilium and flagellum is (are)

Bone growth involves its destruction internally by bone resorbing cells called

Bone that develops from cartilage is called _________ bone,a word meaning "within cartilage."

Compare the operation of fast and slow fibers.What are the functions of each type of muscle?

The functional unit of a myofibril is the __________.

Cells become cornified when the fibrous protein ___________________ accumulates within the cells.

Discuss the uses of the pigment melanin in the animal kingdom (e.g.,temperature regulation,concealment,etc.).

The protein complex located at intervals along the actin strand of skeletal muscle is a calcium-dependent switch called ___________ that acts as the control point in the contraction process.

When you get a suntan,why does it soon fade away if you do not consistently spend time in the sun?

The organization of a muscle,from largest unit to smallest,is

Bone tissue should be characterized as

The backbone of the thin filament of striated muscle is a double strand of the protein _____________.

The immediate source of energy in muscle is ______.

The reflective properties of surface tissue may form

Hyaline cartilage contains

Which skeletal features comprise the axial skeleton? The appendicular skeleton? Why are these skeletal features separated into two distinct categories? Is there any difference in the way they are formed?

"Dynein arms link to adjacent microtubules,then swivel and release in repeated cycles,causing microtubules on the concave side to slide outward past microtubules on the convex side" describes the action moving a

The most important protein contractile system is the

An example of a non-muscular hydrostatic skeleton is

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

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