Question 1

How does an elephant extend a proboscis that has no bone structure in it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscles forcibly expand 
B)  The trunk is an empty chamber and water is forced into it 
C)  The elephant trunk is an example of a muscular hydrostat 
D)  This is a hydraulic system similar to what was found in echinoderms 
E)  Antagonistic muscles operate in pairs across flexible cartilage 
A)  Muscles forcibly expand 
B)  The trunk is an empty chamber and water is forced into it 
C)  The elephant trunk is an example of a muscular hydrostat 
D)  This is a hydraulic system similar to what was found in echinoderms 
E)  Antagonistic muscles operate in pairs across flexible cartilage

Question 2

The number of cervical vertebrae is nearly constant in all animals,whether the neck is short or long.Explain this evolutionary phenomenon.Could it simply be related to an ancestral condition?

Accepted Answer

The nearly constant number of cervical v

Question 3

In crustaceans,the cuticle is stiffened by the deposition of _____________ _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In crustaceans,the cuticle is stiffened by the...

Question 4

In ectothermic vertebrates and crustaceans,pigments that provide color to animals are contained within large,branching cells called ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In ectothermic vertebrates and crustaceans,pigments that provide...

Question 5

Describe in detail the morphology and function of the myoneural or neuromuscular junction.

Accepted Answer

The myoneural or neuromuscular junction

Question 6

Which statement(s)about ribs is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribs prevent collapse of the lungs and help make negative pressure breathing possible. 
B)  fishes have a pair of ribs for every vertebra. 
C)  leopard frogs lack ribs altogether. 
D)  most humans have 12 pairs of ribs but about one-in-twenty has a thirteenth pair. 
E)  all of the choices are correct. 
A)  ribs prevent collapse of the lungs and help make negative pressure breathing possible. 
B)  fishes have a pair of ribs for every vertebra. 
C)  leopard frogs lack ribs altogether. 
D)  most humans have 12 pairs of ribs but about one-in-twenty has a thirteenth pair. 
E)  all of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Each striated muscle cell is

Accepted Answer

A)  composed of keratin and collagen. 
B)  a multi-nucleate cell. 
C)  a fully-formed muscle. 
D)  a myofilament. 
E)  a fascicle. 
A)  composed of keratin and collagen. 
B)  a multi-nucleate cell. 
C)  a fully-formed muscle. 
D)  a myofilament. 
E)  a fascicle.

Question 8

A motor unit is

Accepted Answer

A)  the functional unit of smooth muscle. 
B)  the whole muscle that is supplied by a motor nerve. 
C)  only the muscle fibers it innervates. 
D)  a motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it innervates. 
E)  the part of a muscle cell that acts independently during muscle contraction. 
A)  the functional unit of smooth muscle. 
B)  the whole muscle that is supplied by a motor nerve. 
C)  only the muscle fibers it innervates. 
D)  a motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it innervates. 
E)  the part of a muscle cell that acts independently during muscle contraction.

Question 9

In each myofibril of striated muscle,the sarcomere is the entire area between two ______ _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In each myofibril of striated muscle,the sarcomere...

Question 10

What begins or triggers muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

A)  high levels of oxygen and sugar. 
B)  release of acetylcholine at a synapse that directly causes actin and myosin to slide. 
C)  release of surplus ATP by a nerve motor unit. 
D)  a nerve releases acetylcholine, which triggers flow of calcium, which unblocks troponin. 
E)  a nerve releases troponin which triggers flow of calcium which unblocks acetylcholine. 
A)  high levels of oxygen and sugar. 
B)  release of acetylcholine at a synapse that directly causes actin and myosin to slide. 
C)  release of surplus ATP by a nerve motor unit. 
D)  a nerve releases acetylcholine, which triggers flow of calcium, which unblocks troponin. 
E)  a nerve releases troponin which triggers flow of calcium which unblocks acetylcholine.

Question 11

The thick filament of striated muscle is composed of the protein _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The thick filament of striated muscle is...

Question 12

Outline the various layers of human skin.What function(s)does each layer perform? What layers does intensive sunburn affect?

Accepted Answer

The human skin is composed of three main

Question 13

Compare the integument of an arthropod with that of a vertebrate.How are they different? How are they similar?

Accepted Answer

The integument of an arthropod, such as

Question 14

Cervical,thoracic,lumbar,sacral,and caudal are

Accepted Answer

A)  categories of body muscle. 
B)  ways of walking. 
C)  regions of the brain. 
D)  regions of vertebrae. 
E)  types of bone tissues. 
A)  categories of body muscle. 
B)  ways of walking. 
C)  regions of the brain. 
D)  regions of vertebrae. 
E)  types of bone tissues.

Question 15

Outline the basic sequence of chemical and physiological events involved in the contraction of a muscle fiber.

Accepted Answer

The basic sequence of chemical and physi

Question 16

What is the origin of the shell of the molluscan clam?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clam shell is a form of skeletal bone tissue 
B)  Calcium carbonate is crystallized out of the salts in the surrounding water by astrocytes on the surface of the epidermis 
C)  Heavy layers of chitin are secreted by the molluscan epidermis 
D)  Mucous glands in the molluscan epidermis secrete the calcium carbonate of the shell 
E)  Mucous glands in the molluscan epidermis secrete a chitin that is then stiffened by calcification 
A)  Clam shell is a form of skeletal bone tissue 
B)  Calcium carbonate is crystallized out of the salts in the surrounding water by astrocytes on the surface of the epidermis 
C)  Heavy layers of chitin are secreted by the molluscan epidermis 
D)  Mucous glands in the molluscan epidermis secrete the calcium carbonate of the shell 
E)  Mucous glands in the molluscan epidermis secrete a chitin that is then stiffened by calcification

Question 17

The type of muscle cell that allows some insects to achieve far faster wing beats than could be sustained with one-impulse-one-beat is ___________ muscle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of muscle cell that allows...

Question 18

Discuss the modification of the basic pentadactyl limb for life in different environments.

Accepted Answer

The modification of the basic pentadacty

Question 19

The epidermis is derived from __________ while the dermis is derived from _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ectoderm, endoderm 
B)  endoderm, ectoderm 
C)  ectoderm, ectoderm as well 
D)  ectoderm, mesoderm 
E)  endoderm, mesoderm 
A)  ectoderm, endoderm 
B)  endoderm, ectoderm 
C)  ectoderm, ectoderm as well 
D)  ectoderm, mesoderm 
E)  endoderm, mesoderm

Question 20

Define the following terms: keratin,keratinization,cornification,stratum corneum,dermis,epidermis.

Accepted Answer

Keratin is a fibrous structural protein

Exam 29: Support, protection, and Movement

How does an elephant extend a proboscis that has no bone structure in it?

The number of cervical vertebrae is nearly constant in all animals,whether the neck is short or long.Explain this evolutionary phenomenon.Could it simply be related to an ancestral condition?

In crustaceans,the cuticle is stiffened by the deposition of _____________ _________________.

In ectothermic vertebrates and crustaceans,pigments that provide color to animals are contained within large,branching cells called ___________________.

Describe in detail the morphology and function of the myoneural or neuromuscular junction.

Which statement(s)about ribs is correct?

Each striated muscle cell is

A motor unit is

In each myofibril of striated muscle,the sarcomere is the entire area between two ______ _______.

What begins or triggers muscle contraction?

The thick filament of striated muscle is composed of the protein _____________.

Outline the various layers of human skin.What function(s)does each layer perform? What layers does intensive sunburn affect?

Compare the integument of an arthropod with that of a vertebrate.How are they different? How are they similar?

Cervical,thoracic,lumbar,sacral,and caudal are

Outline the basic sequence of chemical and physiological events involved in the contraction of a muscle fiber.

What is the origin of the shell of the molluscan clam?

The type of muscle cell that allows some insects to achieve far faster wing beats than could be sustained with one-impulse-one-beat is ___________ muscle.

Discuss the modification of the basic pentadactyl limb for life in different environments.

The epidermis is derived from __________ while the dermis is derived from _______________.

Define the following terms: keratin,keratinization,cornification,stratum corneum,dermis,epidermis.

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

Filters

In crustaceans,the cuticle is stiffened by the deposition of _ _____.

In each myofibril of striated muscle,the sarcomere is the entire area between two _.

The epidermis is derived from while the dermis is derived from _____.