Exam 29: Support, protection, and Movement

Discuss the role and function of the fibrillar muscles of insects.What types of muscles are found in insect flight muscles? Do these differ from vertebrate skeletal muscles?

How does endochondral bone differs from intramembranous (e.g.,dermal)bone? List the general derivatives of each type of bone.

Which of the following chemicals provides the "energy reserve" for muscle contraction?

Assume that we could successfully replace all the bone in the human body with a metal framework that was equivalent or better in withstanding stress and anchoring muscles.What functions of bone would not be accomplished with such a replacement and how would this affect our normal life?

Compact bone is composed of a matrix arranged in concentric rings; the rings contain cavities interconnected by small passages called

Cartilage cells are called ______________________.

Compare and contrast the structure and function of the following muscles: smooth,cardiac,skeletal (voluntary).

All the skeletal muscle fibers under the control of a single motor nerve neuron form a ______ ______.

Why is the endoskeleton of vertebrates superior to the exoskeleton of insects when it comes to size? Discuss the physical limitations of each.

There are more than one type of skeletal muscle fiber in vertebrates.The red muscle fiber capable of slow,sustained contractions is ________ ________ fibers.

Which is NOT a correct association of animal pigments?

Which is NOT a correct association of bone features?

How do cilia and flagella differ morphologically? Explain why this may be strictly a superficial distinction based on the internal structure and action of both types of membrane-bound organelles.

At intervals along the actin strand of skeletal muscle is a complex of protein called ___________ that acts as a calcium-dependent switch.

The first two cervical vertebrae are the ___________ and the axis.

The ________ is part of the appendicular skeleton of a vertebrate.

Outline the function of the two actin-binding proteins tropomyosin and troponin.

How does a hydrostatic skeleton differ from a structural skeleton? Is one form of skeleton superior to another,and if not,outline which skeleton may perform better under given conditions of environment,size,etc.

A grasshopper can jump a height of 50 times the length of its body.Yet,muscles of small and large animals exert the same force per cross-sectional area.Explain how the grasshopper can still jump a relatively greater distance than can a human.

Is there a limit to the size of animal that can evolve? Why are certain mechanical advantages not available to animals larger than a horse?