Question 1

Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water vapor (H2O) 
B)  Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
C)  Oxygen (O2) 
D)  Nitrogen (N2) 
A)  Water vapor (H2O) 
B)  Carbon dioxide (CO2) 
C)  Oxygen (O2) 
D)  Nitrogen (N2) C

Question 2

You eat eggs for breakfast and return in the evening to dirty dishes with "dried on" yellow streaks.After soaking awhile,the egg yolk protein molecules easily "wash off." What happened?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heating denatured the egg protein molecules, hydrolysis reactions then formed bonds in the dried egg yolk, and soaking in water eventually resulted in condensation reactions where water broke these bonds 
B)  Heating denatured the egg protein molecules, unorganized condensation reactions formed bonds in the drying egg, and soaking in water resulted in hydrolysis reactions where water broke these bonds 
C)  Egg monomers were fused to become one polymer, which was easily dissolved by water back into monomers 
D)  Addition of water converted organic molecules into inorganic molecules 
A)  Heating denatured the egg protein molecules, hydrolysis reactions then formed bonds in the dried egg yolk, and soaking in water eventually resulted in condensation reactions where water broke these bonds 
B)  Heating denatured the egg protein molecules, unorganized condensation reactions formed bonds in the drying egg, and soaking in water resulted in hydrolysis reactions where water broke these bonds 
C)  Egg monomers were fused to become one polymer, which was easily dissolved by water back into monomers 
D)  Addition of water converted organic molecules into inorganic molecules B

Question 3

Which of the carbohydrates given below is a major component of the cuticle of arthropods (e.g.,insects,crayfish,etc.)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Starch 
B)  Chitin 
C)  Cellulose 
D)  Glycogen 
A)  Starch 
B)  Chitin 
C)  Cellulose 
D)  Glycogen B

Question 4

Neutral fats are

Accepted Answer

A)  stored as glycogen. 
B)  not stored. 
C)  made of fatty acids and glycerol. 
D)  made of chains of fatty acids linked together by water molecules. 
A)  stored as glycogen. 
B)  not stored. 
C)  made of fatty acids and glycerol. 
D)  made of chains of fatty acids linked together by water molecules.

Question 5

The earliest source of reduced compounds for oxidative metabolism was probably ____________ _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The earliest source of reduced compounds for...

Question 6

A chain consisting of a number of amino acids is a

Accepted Answer

A)  quaternary structure. 
B)  dipeptide. 
C)  polypeptide. 
D)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  quaternary structure. 
B)  dipeptide. 
C)  polypeptide. 
D)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct statement about oxidation reduction reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reduction is the loss of electrons 
B)  Reduction is the loss of hydrogen atoms 
C)  Oxidation is the loss of electrons or hydrogen atoms 
D)  Reduction and oxidation sometimes occur together, but not always 
A)  Reduction is the loss of electrons 
B)  Reduction is the loss of hydrogen atoms 
C)  Oxidation is the loss of electrons or hydrogen atoms 
D)  Reduction and oxidation sometimes occur together, but not always

Question 8

Carbohydrates are categorized into

Accepted Answer

A)  organic and inorganic carbohydrates. 
B)  saturated and unsaturated carbohydrates. 
C)  monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. 
D)  primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbohydrates. 
E)  monomer and polymer carbohydrates. 
A)  organic and inorganic carbohydrates. 
B)  saturated and unsaturated carbohydrates. 
C)  monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. 
D)  primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbohydrates. 
E)  monomer and polymer carbohydrates.

Question 9

Fish sperm is mostly made of male DNA.A chemical test would find high amounts of

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups. 
B)  phospholipids and steroids. 
C)  amino acids and unsaturated fats. 
D)  triglycerides and ATP. 
E)  globular proteins and stored fats. 
A)  nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups. 
B)  phospholipids and steroids. 
C)  amino acids and unsaturated fats. 
D)  triglycerides and ATP. 
E)  globular proteins and stored fats.

Question 10

The three principal groups of lipids are neutral fats,phospholipids,and

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen. 
B)  steroids. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  fatty acids. 
A)  glycogen. 
B)  steroids. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  fatty acids.

Question 11

Biological evolution differs from chemical evolution in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  true cells capable of replication. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  enzymes. 
D)  a metabolic pathway. 
A)  true cells capable of replication. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  enzymes. 
D)  a metabolic pathway.

Question 12

A nucleic acid is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amino acids 
B)  Nucleotides 
C)  Glucose or modified glucose molecules 
D)  Alternating sugar and phosphate groups 
A)  Amino acids 
B)  Nucleotides 
C)  Glucose or modified glucose molecules 
D)  Alternating sugar and phosphate groups

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a steroid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin D 
B)  Adrenocortical hormones 
C)  Sex hormones 
D)  Cholesterol 
E)  All of the choices are steroids 
A)  Vitamin D 
B)  Adrenocortical hormones 
C)  Sex hormones 
D)  Cholesterol 
E)  All of the choices are steroids

Question 14

Which of these statements is true about DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the genetic material of the cell 
B)  It forms a protein 
C)  It is pure amino acid 
D)  It contains no sugar 
A)  It is the genetic material of the cell 
B)  It forms a protein 
C)  It is pure amino acid 
D)  It contains no sugar

Question 15

Pasteur's work with spontaneous generation showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  life could not have evolved from non-living chemistry on the early earth. 
B)  mice came from mother mice and maggots from mother flies. 
C)  simple chemicals could become complex organic macromolecules without any living cell involved. 
D)  broth did not ferment spontaneously but required contamination with organisms. 
A)  life could not have evolved from non-living chemistry on the early earth. 
B)  mice came from mother mice and maggots from mother flies. 
C)  simple chemicals could become complex organic macromolecules without any living cell involved. 
D)  broth did not ferment spontaneously but required contamination with organisms.

Question 16

The alpha helix is found at which level of protein organization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary structure 
B)  Secondary structure 
C)  Tertiary structure 
D)  Quaternary structure 
A)  Primary structure 
B)  Secondary structure 
C)  Tertiary structure 
D)  Quaternary structure

Question 17

What evidence leads researchers to believe that there was a diversity of animal life before the Cambrian if we cannot find extensive fossils of earlier animals?

Accepted Answer

The belief that there was a diversity of

Question 18

Which pairing of occurrence and date is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Beginning of Cambrian - 600 million years ago 
B)  Origin of life - 3.8 billion years ago 
C)  Origin of eukaryotic cells - 1.5 billion years ago 
D)  All the choices are correct 
A)  Beginning of Cambrian - 600 million years ago 
B)  Origin of life - 3.8 billion years ago 
C)  Origin of eukaryotic cells - 1.5 billion years ago 
D)  All the choices are correct

Question 19

Describe the chicken-or-the-egg dilemma with enzymes and hereditary molecules,and detail how the "RNA world" proposal offers a solution.

Accepted Answer

The chicken-or-the-egg dilemma in the co

Question 20

The most important of the energy-storing carbohydrate monomers is the molecule _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most important of the energy-storing carbohydrate...

Exam 2: The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere?

You eat eggs for breakfast and return in the evening to dirty dishes with "dried on" yellow streaks.After soaking awhile,the egg yolk protein molecules easily "wash off." What happened?

Which of the carbohydrates given below is a major component of the cuticle of arthropods (e.g.,insects,crayfish,etc.)?

Neutral fats are

The earliest source of reduced compounds for oxidative metabolism was probably ____________ _____________.

A chain consisting of a number of amino acids is a

Which of the following is a correct statement about oxidation reduction reactions?

Carbohydrates are categorized into

Fish sperm is mostly made of male DNA.A chemical test would find high amounts of

The three principal groups of lipids are neutral fats,phospholipids,and

Biological evolution differs from chemical evolution in that biological evolution would have been possible only after the development of

A nucleic acid is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

Which of the following is NOT a steroid?

Which of these statements is true about DNA?

Pasteur's work with spontaneous generation showed that

The alpha helix is found at which level of protein organization?

What evidence leads researchers to believe that there was a diversity of animal life before the Cambrian if we cannot find extensive fossils of earlier animals?

Which pairing of occurrence and date is correct?

Describe the chicken-or-the-egg dilemma with enzymes and hereditary molecules,and detail how the "RNA world" proposal offers a solution.

The most important of the energy-storing carbohydrate monomers is the molecule _______________.

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

Filters

The earliest source of reduced compounds for oxidative metabolism was probably _.