Question 1

A protein is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose or modified glucose molecules 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Nucleotides 
D)  Fatty acids and glycerol 
A)  Glucose or modified glucose molecules 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Nucleotides 
D)  Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 2

If eukaryotes are more complex than prokaryotes,then why are there prokaryotes living today?

Accepted Answer

The existence of prokaryotes today, desp

Question 3

In a protein,the folding of a polypeptide into a three-dimensional structure,usually stabilized by covalent bonds between the side groups of the amino acids,is the

Accepted Answer

A)  primary structure. 
B)  secondary structure. 
C)  tertiary structure. 
D)  quaternary structure. 
A)  primary structure. 
B)  secondary structure. 
C)  tertiary structure. 
D)  quaternary structure.

Question 4

Most organic molecules are associated with living organisms.Which of the following statements is NOT related to the general distinctions between these types of molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide (CO2) lacks hydrogen atoms found in most organic molecules and therefore is usually not considered to be "organic." 
B)  Formaldehyde (CH2O) is a small molecule compared to most organic molecules but does have carbon and hydrogen covalently bonded together and therefore is considered to be "organic." 
C)  Salt (Na+Cl ) is not an organic molecule but is important to the life of many organisms. 
D)  Organic carbon atoms are more diverse than inorganic carbon molecules that form the molecular structure of soot or a diamond from pure carbon. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Carbon dioxide (CO2) lacks hydrogen atoms found in most organic molecules and therefore is usually not considered to be "organic." 
B)  Formaldehyde (CH2O) is a small molecule compared to most organic molecules but does have carbon and hydrogen covalently bonded together and therefore is considered to be "organic." 
C)  Salt (Na+Cl ) is not an organic molecule but is important to the life of many organisms. 
D)  Organic carbon atoms are more diverse than inorganic carbon molecules that form the molecular structure of soot or a diamond from pure carbon. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary is

Accepted Answer

A)  A point that separates reduction environments from oxidation environments 
B)  The separation point between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
C)  A point of dramatically increased fossilization, although it is likely that many animal groups existed before this time 
D)  The shift-over from plants to animal life 
A)  A point that separates reduction environments from oxidation environments 
B)  The separation point between prokaryotes and eukaryotes 
C)  A point of dramatically increased fossilization, although it is likely that many animal groups existed before this time 
D)  The shift-over from plants to animal life

Question 6

Compare and contrast the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular structures.

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are the

Question 7

The splitting of one compound into two by the addition of water is called

Accepted Answer

A)  covalent. 
B)  ionic formation. 
C)  hydrolysis. 
D)  condensation. 
A)  covalent. 
B)  ionic formation. 
C)  hydrolysis. 
D)  condensation.

Question 8

Bacteria contain a single,large molecule of DNA in the ____________ region.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacteria contain a single,large molecule of DNA...

Question 9

Which of the lipid groups below is structurally unlike the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroids 
B)  Neutral fats 
C)  Triglycerides 
D)  Phospholipids 
A)  Steroids 
B)  Neutral fats 
C)  Triglycerides 
D)  Phospholipids

Question 10

Which of the following forms of energy is NOT one of those thought to have been involved in the production of large organic molecules in the primitive reducing atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  Radioactivity 
B)  Electrical energy 
C)  Radiation from the sun 
D)  Sound 
A)  Radioactivity 
B)  Electrical energy 
C)  Radiation from the sun 
D)  Sound

Question 11

A dissolved substance that has the ability to either remove or add H+ and OH- ions to resist pH changes is

Accepted Answer

A)  a solution. 
B)  pure water. 
C)  a buffer. 
D)  a solvent. 
A)  a solution. 
B)  pure water. 
C)  a buffer. 
D)  a solvent.

Question 12

The term "reducing atmosphere" for the early earth means that the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A)  was much thinner around the surface of the earth than now. 
B)  contained only two or three kinds of gases. 
C)  contained little or no free oxygen. 
D)  contained little or no free nitrogen. 
A)  was much thinner around the surface of the earth than now. 
B)  contained only two or three kinds of gases. 
C)  contained little or no free oxygen. 
D)  contained little or no free nitrogen.

Question 13

What are the essential properties of a "protocell"?

Accepted Answer

A protocell is a self-organized, endogen

Question 14

Water has which of the following important characteristics that explain its key role in living systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  High specific heat capacity 
B)  High surface tension 
C)  Is an excellent solvent 
D)  All of the choices are correct 
A)  High specific heat capacity 
B)  High surface tension 
C)  Is an excellent solvent 
D)  All of the choices are correct

Question 15

Which of the following lipids forms a bilayer between two fluid regions,such as in the plasma membrane of a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroids 
B)  Waxes 
C)  Phospholipids 
D)  Lipoproteins 
A)  Steroids 
B)  Waxes 
C)  Phospholipids 
D)  Lipoproteins

Question 16

A(n)_______________ fatty acid has two or more carbon atoms joined by double bonds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)_______________ fatty acid has two or more...

Question 17

The hypothesis that simple chemicals may have naturally become complex macromolecules by natural physical forces was first proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller. 
B)  Graham CairnsSmith. 
C)  Alexander Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane. 
D)  Sidney Fox. 
A)  Stanley Miller. 
B)  Graham CairnsSmith. 
C)  Alexander Oparin and J.B.S. Haldane. 
D)  Sidney Fox.

Question 18

This chapter began with Pasteur disproving spontaneous generation,the theory that life could arise from non-living material.Then Miller and Urey test the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis and suggest that life once did arise from non-living chemicals.Are these experiments contradictory? Explain how the science community recognize both as valid.

Accepted Answer

The experiments conducted by Pasteur, Mi

Question 19

Assumptions that the earliest life forms had to make their own food have been replaced with the belief that the earliest microorganisms were definitely primary heterotrophs.How could these earliest cells have lived if they did not make their own food,and why do we feel certain that they were not photosynthetic?

Accepted Answer

The assumption that the earliest life fo

Question 20

If an animal needs to store high-energy compounds for long-term use with the least amount of extra body weight,which would be the best molecule for storage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fructose and glucose in the form of honey 
B)  High-calorie fat molecules 
C)  Starch 
D)  Glycogen with extensive side branches of glucose 
A)  Fructose and glucose in the form of honey 
B)  High-calorie fat molecules 
C)  Starch 
D)  Glycogen with extensive side branches of glucose

Exam 2: The Origin and Chemistry of Life

A protein is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

If eukaryotes are more complex than prokaryotes,then why are there prokaryotes living today?

In a protein,the folding of a polypeptide into a three-dimensional structure,usually stabilized by covalent bonds between the side groups of the amino acids,is the

Most organic molecules are associated with living organisms.Which of the following statements is NOT related to the general distinctions between these types of molecules?

The Precambrian-Cambrian boundary is

Compare and contrast the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular structures.

The splitting of one compound into two by the addition of water is called

Bacteria contain a single,large molecule of DNA in the ____________ region.

Which of the lipid groups below is structurally unlike the others?

Which of the following forms of energy is NOT one of those thought to have been involved in the production of large organic molecules in the primitive reducing atmosphere?

A dissolved substance that has the ability to either remove or add H+ and OH- ions to resist pH changes is

The term "reducing atmosphere" for the early earth means that the atmosphere

What are the essential properties of a "protocell"?

Water has which of the following important characteristics that explain its key role in living systems?

Which of the following lipids forms a bilayer between two fluid regions,such as in the plasma membrane of a cell?

A(n)_______________ fatty acid has two or more carbon atoms joined by double bonds.

The hypothesis that simple chemicals may have naturally become complex macromolecules by natural physical forces was first proposed by

If an animal needs to store high-energy compounds for long-term use with the least amount of extra body weight,which would be the best molecule for storage?

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

Filters

A dissolved substance that has the ability to either remove or add H⁺ and OH^- ions to resist pH changes is