Question 1

Describe the symbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

The symbiotic theory of the origin of eu

Question 2

Cholesterol belongs to which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Steroids 
B)  Neutral fats 
C)  Carbohydrates 
D)  Phospholipids 
A)  Steroids 
B)  Neutral fats 
C)  Carbohydrates 
D)  Phospholipids

Question 3

The ancestral protocells

Accepted Answer

A)  may have contained RNA or DNA as their genetic material. 
B)  may have evolved before the development of a true cell. 
C)  may have had a lipid and protein membrane surrounding them, forming a proteinoid microsphere. 
D)  may have contained a biochemical pathway for energy metabolism. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  may have contained RNA or DNA as their genetic material. 
B)  may have evolved before the development of a true cell. 
C)  may have had a lipid and protein membrane surrounding them, forming a proteinoid microsphere. 
D)  may have contained a biochemical pathway for energy metabolism. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 4

The fact that nucleic acids are very complicated molecules suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible. 
B)  the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis. 
C)  no natural system could ever generate them. 
D)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible. 
B)  the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis. 
C)  no natural system could ever generate them. 
D)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 5

The ______________ theory proposes that pre-eukaryotes are the result of anaerobic bacteria ingesting aerobic bacteria and subsequently a symbiotic relationship was formed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ______________ theory proposes that pre-eukaryotes are...

Question 6

Nucleic acids are important because they

Accepted Answer

A)  act as buffers. 
B)  are the basic units of neutral fats. 
C)  direct the synthesis of proteins. 
D)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  act as buffers. 
B)  are the basic units of neutral fats. 
C)  direct the synthesis of proteins. 
D)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 7

Lipids are polymers made of which monomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose or modified glucose molecules 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Alternating sugar and phosphate groups 
D)  Fatty acids and glycerol 
A)  Glucose or modified glucose molecules 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Alternating sugar and phosphate groups 
D)  Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 8

Polysaccharide are polymers made up of which kind of monomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Simple sugars 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Nucleotides 
D)  Alternating sugar and phosphate groups 
E)  Fatty acids and glycerol 
A)  Simple sugars 
B)  Amino acids 
C)  Nucleotides 
D)  Alternating sugar and phosphate groups 
E)  Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 9

Perhaps a better description of an organic compound is that an organic compound is any substance

Accepted Answer

A)  derived from living matter. 
B)  containing carbon. 
C)  found within a cell. 
D)  consumed by animals. 
A)  derived from living matter. 
B)  containing carbon. 
C)  found within a cell. 
D)  consumed by animals.

Question 10

The alpha-helix is an example of the _______ structure of a protein.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The alpha-helix is an example of the...

Question 11

When hemoglobin takes up or releases oxygen,it undergoes a change in its _________ structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When hemoglobin takes up or releases oxygen,it...

Question 12

A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrate 
B)  Lipid 
C)  Protein 
D)  Simple sugar 
A)  Carbohydrate 
B)  Lipid 
C)  Protein 
D)  Simple sugar

Question 13

Prokaryotic cells are represented by fossils that are dated back as far as _____ billion years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5. 
B)  2.8. 
C)  3.8. 
D)  4.8. 
A)  1.5. 
B)  2.8. 
C)  3.8. 
D)  4.8.

Question 14

A dehydration synthesis reaction is also

Accepted Answer

A)  a condensation reaction. 
B)  a hydrolysis reaction. 
C)  an isomeric reaction. 
D)  a reaction that does not require enzymes. 
A)  a condensation reaction. 
B)  a hydrolysis reaction. 
C)  an isomeric reaction. 
D)  a reaction that does not require enzymes.

Question 15

Most biological polymerizations are ___________ dehydration reactions in which monomers are linked together by removal of water.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most biological polymerizations are ___________ dehydration reactions...

Question 16

Spontaneous generation was first proposed as

Accepted Answer

A)  a concept to explain the formation of the first living cells on earth. 
B)  a concept to explain the evolution of simple chemicals into complex macromolecules. 
C)  an explanation for the appearance of maggots and mice from rotting material, fish from leaves that fall into water, etc. 
D)  an explanation by Pasteur accounting for the germination of spores in broth. 
A)  a concept to explain the formation of the first living cells on earth. 
B)  a concept to explain the evolution of simple chemicals into complex macromolecules. 
C)  an explanation for the appearance of maggots and mice from rotting material, fish from leaves that fall into water, etc. 
D)  an explanation by Pasteur accounting for the germination of spores in broth.

Question 17

Which of the following is a "structural" carbohydrate molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sucrose 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Cellulose 
D)  Glucose 
A)  Sucrose 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Cellulose 
D)  Glucose

Question 18

A critical answer to the chicken-or-the-egg problem formed by the nucleic-acid-or-enzyme-first dilemma is perhaps solved by the discovery of catalytic RNA called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A critical answer to the chicken-or-the-egg problem...

Question 19

The first eukaryotic cells probably arose about _____ billion years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  1.5 
B)  2.5 
C)  3.5 
D)  4.5 
A)  1.5 
B)  2.5 
C)  3.5 
D)  4.5

Question 20

Scientists once assumed that the earliest protocells would have been autotrophs.This concept appears to be

Accepted Answer

A)  correct, since heterotrophs would depend upon eating autotrophs. 
B)  correct, since glycolysis and fermentation only occur after oxygen is present from photosynthesis. 
C)  incorrect, since the primordial soup likely contained many preformed food molecules suitable for heterotrophic metabolism. 
D)  incorrect, since glycolysis and fermentation require complex enzymes for catalytic reactions. 
A)  correct, since heterotrophs would depend upon eating autotrophs. 
B)  correct, since glycolysis and fermentation only occur after oxygen is present from photosynthesis. 
C)  incorrect, since the primordial soup likely contained many preformed food molecules suitable for heterotrophic metabolism. 
D)  incorrect, since glycolysis and fermentation require complex enzymes for catalytic reactions.

Exam 2: The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Describe the symbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotes.

Cholesterol belongs to which of the following groups?

The ancestral protocells

The fact that nucleic acids are very complicated molecules suggests that

The ______________ theory proposes that pre-eukaryotes are the result of anaerobic bacteria ingesting aerobic bacteria and subsequently a symbiotic relationship was formed.

Nucleic acids are important because they

Lipids are polymers made of which monomers?

Polysaccharide are polymers made up of which kind of monomers?

Perhaps a better description of an organic compound is that an organic compound is any substance

The alpha-helix is an example of the _______ structure of a protein.

When hemoglobin takes up or releases oxygen,it undergoes a change in its _________ structure.

A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?

Prokaryotic cells are represented by fossils that are dated back as far as _____ billion years ago.

A dehydration synthesis reaction is also

Most biological polymerizations are ___________ dehydration reactions in which monomers are linked together by removal of water.

Spontaneous generation was first proposed as

Which of the following is a "structural" carbohydrate molecule?

A critical answer to the chicken-or-the-egg problem formed by the nucleic-acid-or-enzyme-first dilemma is perhaps solved by the discovery of catalytic RNA called _______________.

The first eukaryotic cells probably arose about _____ billion years ago.

Scientists once assumed that the earliest protocells would have been autotrophs.This concept appears to be

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

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