Question 1

Neo-Darwinism

Accepted Answer

A)  means the same thing as "modern Darwinism." 
B)  consists of Darwin's basic principles coupled with an understanding of genetics. 
C)  adds microevolution to macroevolution. 
D)  is based on new RNA molecular similarities. 
E)  brings together biogeography, embryology, systematics, genetics, etc. 
A)  means the same thing as "modern Darwinism." 
B)  consists of Darwin's basic principles coupled with an understanding of genetics. 
C)  adds microevolution to macroevolution. 
D)  is based on new RNA molecular similarities. 
E)  brings together biogeography, embryology, systematics, genetics, etc.

Question 2

Technically,differential survival and reproduction among offspring with varying traits is

Accepted Answer

A)  a strictly random process. 
B)  another definition of natural selection. 
C)  orthogenesis. 
D)  neo-Darwinism. 
E)  sorting, which is not necessarily equal to natural selection. 
A)  a strictly random process. 
B)  another definition of natural selection. 
C)  orthogenesis. 
D)  neo-Darwinism. 
E)  sorting, which is not necessarily equal to natural selection.

Question 3

The work of Peter Williamson on freshwater snails in Lake Turkana showed

Accepted Answer

A)  perfectly interconnected and gradual change in species due to the uniform environment over time. 
B)  an abrupt radiation of species in all directions that can be used to support both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  thick deposits of unchanged snails and brief periods of rapid change, supporting gradual adaptive radiation. 
D)  thick deposits of unchanged snails and brief periods of rapid change, supporting the evolutionary model of punctuated equilibrium. 
A)  perfectly interconnected and gradual change in species due to the uniform environment over time. 
B)  an abrupt radiation of species in all directions that can be used to support both gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. 
C)  thick deposits of unchanged snails and brief periods of rapid change, supporting gradual adaptive radiation. 
D)  thick deposits of unchanged snails and brief periods of rapid change, supporting the evolutionary model of punctuated equilibrium.

Question 4

Evolution by natural selection was independently proposed by Darwin and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Alfred Russel Wallace 
B)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck 
C)  Captain Robert FitzRoy 
D)  Charles Lyell 
A)  Alfred Russel Wallace 
B)  Jean Baptiste de Lamarck 
C)  Captain Robert FitzRoy 
D)  Charles Lyell

Question 5

The theory that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny was originally offered by

Accepted Answer

A)  Alfred Wallace. 
B)  K. 
C)  Charles Darwin. 
D)  Ernst Haeckel. 
E)  von Baer. 
A)  Alfred Wallace. 
B)  K. 
C)  Charles Darwin. 
D)  Ernst Haeckel. 
E)  von Baer.

Question 6

Explain how the earth's rock strata record the irreversible changes we call organic evolution (discuss the processes of fossilization).

Accepted Answer

The Earth's rock strata record the irrev

Question 7

Birds and insects both have wings,but we do not consider this similarity as evidence of relatedness because

Accepted Answer

A)  bird wings function on different physics principles of lift. 
B)  the wings are not homologous structures with a common ancestral origin. 
C)  they did not evolve in the same region or live at the same time period. 
D)  there is no fossil link between these groups. 
A)  bird wings function on different physics principles of lift. 
B)  the wings are not homologous structures with a common ancestral origin. 
C)  they did not evolve in the same region or live at the same time period. 
D)  there is no fossil link between these groups.

Question 8

Explain Lamarck's theory of evolution and describe how it contrasts with modern Darwinian views.

Accepted Answer

Lamarck's theory of evolution, also know

Question 9

In the case of Darwin's finches,an ancestral finch species from the mainland arrived on the Galápagos Islands and later evolved into many new species via adaptive radiation.The ancestral finch species apparently did NOT undergo adaptive radiation back on the mainland.What is the most plausible biological explanation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Directional selection works better on islands 
B)  Competition from many other bird species on the mainland provided stabilizing selection that was absent on the islands 
C)  The environment on the mainland was completely uniform 
D)  The founder effect greatly expanded the variation in alleles in the Galápagos finch gene pool 
E)  The ancestral mainland finch was reproductively isolated 
A)  Directional selection works better on islands 
B)  Competition from many other bird species on the mainland provided stabilizing selection that was absent on the islands 
C)  The environment on the mainland was completely uniform 
D)  The founder effect greatly expanded the variation in alleles in the Galápagos finch gene pool 
E)  The ancestral mainland finch was reproductively isolated

Question 10

Which of the following constitute pre-mating barrier(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sperm cannot penetrate the egg 
B)  Male mating behavior is not correct to attract the female 
C)  Egg is fertilized but development is impaired 
D)  Offspring are sterile 
A)  Sperm cannot penetrate the egg 
B)  Male mating behavior is not correct to attract the female 
C)  Egg is fertilized but development is impaired 
D)  Offspring are sterile

Question 11

What is the most accurate comparison of the Galápagos Islands and the nearest continental habitat?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Galápagos Islands are relatively uniform while the mainland is highly diverse. 
B)  The Galápagos Islands and the mainland are essentially identical habitats which makes it an excellent "controlled" experiment. 
C)  The Galápagos Islands are relatively newly formed and also fragmented into diverse habitats. 
D)  The Galápagos Islands were, until recently, connected by land bridges forming one unified habitat. 
A)  The Galápagos Islands are relatively uniform while the mainland is highly diverse. 
B)  The Galápagos Islands and the mainland are essentially identical habitats which makes it an excellent "controlled" experiment. 
C)  The Galápagos Islands are relatively newly formed and also fragmented into diverse habitats. 
D)  The Galápagos Islands were, until recently, connected by land bridges forming one unified habitat.

Question 12

Ants that specialize on harvesting one species of tree leaves can optimally exploit that resource but are in trouble if their food tree declines,whereas generalist ant species can switch to other foods.The rate at which these two lineages speciate and go extinct differs,a phenomenon labeled

Accepted Answer

A)  stabilizing selection. 
B)  directional selection. 
C)  catastrophic species selection. 
D)  effect macroevolution. 
A)  stabilizing selection. 
B)  directional selection. 
C)  catastrophic species selection. 
D)  effect macroevolution.

Question 13

If early Native Americans who originated in North Asia had remained the only ancestral settlers in North America,rather than the overwhelming mixture of immigrants from across Europe and other continents,today there would be a much higher incidence of North Asian traits in the U.S.population.Such a scenario would demonstrate

Accepted Answer

A)  gene flow from continent to continent. 
B)  the founder effect. 
C)  genetic drift among the original Northern Asians. 
D)  fitness for the North American environment. 
A)  gene flow from continent to continent. 
B)  the founder effect. 
C)  genetic drift among the original Northern Asians. 
D)  fitness for the North American environment.

Question 14

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic drift 
B)  Founder effect 
C)  Microevolution 
D)  Directional selection 
A)  Genetic drift 
B)  Founder effect 
C)  Microevolution 
D)  Directional selection

Question 15

Retention of ancestral juvenile characters by adult descendants is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  Allopatry. 
B)  Heterochrony. 
C)  Paedomorphosis. 
D)  Recapitulation. 
A)  Allopatry. 
B)  Heterochrony. 
C)  Paedomorphosis. 
D)  Recapitulation.

Question 16

Radiometric dating methods determine the age of rock formations how?

Accepted Answer

A)  By using guide or index fossils 
B)  By relating the positions of layers to each other 
C)  By calculating the ratios of elements and decay products 
D)  By examining atoms for extent of wear and tear 
A)  By using guide or index fossils 
B)  By relating the positions of layers to each other 
C)  By calculating the ratios of elements and decay products 
D)  By examining atoms for extent of wear and tear

Question 17

Which of the following constitute post-mating barrier(s)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sperm does not penetrate the egg 
B)  The chromosome numbers of sperm and egg do not match after fertilization 
C)  The offspring are sterile 
D)  An egg is fertilized but development is impaired 
E)  All of the choices are post-mating barriers 
A)  The sperm does not penetrate the egg 
B)  The chromosome numbers of sperm and egg do not match after fertilization 
C)  The offspring are sterile 
D)  An egg is fertilized but development is impaired 
E)  All of the choices are post-mating barriers

Question 18

The main accomplishment of the "New Synthesis" or modern Darwinism was

Accepted Answer

A)  to select a new set of scientists to take up the evolution argument after the death of Darwin and Huxley. 
B)  the frantic search for answers to the creationist challenge of the early 1900s. 
C)  the application of new discoveries in genetics, classification, biogeography, paleontology, etc. to Darwin's basic tenets, and which tied these fields together in a new framework. 
D)  to split Darwin's ideas into small details (microevolution) and larger concepts (macroevolution). 
A)  to select a new set of scientists to take up the evolution argument after the death of Darwin and Huxley. 
B)  the frantic search for answers to the creationist challenge of the early 1900s. 
C)  the application of new discoveries in genetics, classification, biogeography, paleontology, etc. to Darwin's basic tenets, and which tied these fields together in a new framework. 
D)  to split Darwin's ideas into small details (microevolution) and larger concepts (macroevolution).

Question 19

Overall,how do the effects of the major mass extinctions compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large terrestrial animals were always decimated while aquatic species survived 
B)  Species that required light were always decimated because all extinctions were due to asteroid bombardment resulting in blackened sky 
C)  Species appear to genetically "wear out" and mass extinctions "re-set" the evolutionary mechanisms 
D)  Not all cataclysmic events were the same and organismal groups and phenotypes were different in each extinction; however lineages favored by effect macroevolution and species selection were more vulnerable 
E)  There has not been any detected pattern to extinctions and they are probably random 
A)  Large terrestrial animals were always decimated while aquatic species survived 
B)  Species that required light were always decimated because all extinctions were due to asteroid bombardment resulting in blackened sky 
C)  Species appear to genetically "wear out" and mass extinctions "re-set" the evolutionary mechanisms 
D)  Not all cataclysmic events were the same and organismal groups and phenotypes were different in each extinction; however lineages favored by effect macroevolution and species selection were more vulnerable 
E)  There has not been any detected pattern to extinctions and they are probably random

Question 20

Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is considered _____ because it _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  variational; involves descent with selection among varieties 
B)  variational; explains the variations of fossils 
C)  transformational; claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution 
D)  transformational; involves descent with selection among varieties 
A)  variational; involves descent with selection among varieties 
B)  variational; explains the variations of fossils 
C)  transformational; claims individuals can change their characteristics to produce evolution 
D)  transformational; involves descent with selection among varieties

Exam 6: Organic Evolution

Neo-Darwinism

Technically,differential survival and reproduction among offspring with varying traits is

The work of Peter Williamson on freshwater snails in Lake Turkana showed

Evolution by natural selection was independently proposed by Darwin and __________.

The theory that ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny was originally offered by

Explain how the earth's rock strata record the irreversible changes we call organic evolution (discuss the processes of fossilization).

Birds and insects both have wings,but we do not consider this similarity as evidence of relatedness because

Explain Lamarck's theory of evolution and describe how it contrasts with modern Darwinian views.

Which of the following constitute pre-mating barrier(s)?

What is the most accurate comparison of the Galápagos Islands and the nearest continental habitat?

Ants that specialize on harvesting one species of tree leaves can optimally exploit that resource but are in trouble if their food tree declines,whereas generalist ant species can switch to other foods.The rate at which these two lineages speciate and go extinct differs,a phenomenon labeled

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of small changes in the gene pool of a species over time?

Retention of ancestral juvenile characters by adult descendants is termed

Radiometric dating methods determine the age of rock formations how?

Which of the following constitute post-mating barrier(s)?

The main accomplishment of the "New Synthesis" or modern Darwinism was

Overall,how do the effects of the major mass extinctions compare?

Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is considered _____ because it _____.

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Chordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

Filters

Darwin's theory of natural selection to explain evolution is considered _ because it _.