Question 1

What feature(s)can be found in the ammocoete that are lacking in amphioxus,that are found in vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  A true liver with a gallbladder 
B)  A two-chambered heart 
C)  A three-part brain 
D)  Eyes, nostrils, and auditory vesicles 
E)  All of the choices are ammocoete features lacking in the amphioxus lancelet 
A)  A true liver with a gallbladder 
B)  A two-chambered heart 
C)  A three-part brain 
D)  Eyes, nostrils, and auditory vesicles 
E)  All of the choices are ammocoete features lacking in the amphioxus lancelet

Question 2

The lancelet reproduces

Accepted Answer

A)  by asexual processes alone. 
B)  by budding. 
C)  sexually with both sex organs on the same organism, similar to earthworms. 
D)  sexually but with separate sexes and internal fertilization. 
E)  sexually but with separate sexes and external fertilization. 
A)  by asexual processes alone. 
B)  by budding. 
C)  sexually with both sex organs on the same organism, similar to earthworms. 
D)  sexually but with separate sexes and internal fertilization. 
E)  sexually but with separate sexes and external fertilization.

Question 3

Walter Garstang's hypothesis of vertebrate evolution could be described as the

Accepted Answer

A)  annelid-vertebrate hypothesis. 
B)  echinoderm-vertebrate hypothesis. 
C)  amphioxus-vertebrate hypothesis. 
D)  ascidian larva-vertebrate hypothesis. 
E)  ammocoete larva-vertebrate hypothesis. 
A)  annelid-vertebrate hypothesis. 
B)  echinoderm-vertebrate hypothesis. 
C)  amphioxus-vertebrate hypothesis. 
D)  ascidian larva-vertebrate hypothesis. 
E)  ammocoete larva-vertebrate hypothesis.

Question 4

Pelagic tunicates with barrel-shaped bodies and complex life histories belong to the class _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pelagic tunicates with barrel-shaped bodies and complex...

Question 5

The perforated pharynx of chordates first evolved as a device for

Accepted Answer

A)  support. 
B)  respiration. 
C)  suspension or filterfeeding. 
D)  detecting odors. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  support. 
B)  respiration. 
C)  suspension or filterfeeding. 
D)  detecting odors. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 6

While several invertebrate groups (phyla)have in the past been proposed as chordate ancestors,embryological evidence indicates the chordates are most probably a sister group to the _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of While several invertebrate groups (phyla)have in the...

Question 7

The extant group likely to be the most closely related to the basal chordates are the echinoderms because

Accepted Answer

A)  there is direct fossil evidence for a lineage from sea stars to tunicates. 
B)  tunicates are advanced echinoderms. 
C)  early embryonic development of echinoderms is similar to that of chordates. 
D)  although there are few similarities between echinoderms and chordates, there are even fewer between chordates and any other group. 
E)  new molecular evidence shows they are nearly identical at the rRNA level. 
A)  there is direct fossil evidence for a lineage from sea stars to tunicates. 
B)  tunicates are advanced echinoderms. 
C)  early embryonic development of echinoderms is similar to that of chordates. 
D)  although there are few similarities between echinoderms and chordates, there are even fewer between chordates and any other group. 
E)  new molecular evidence shows they are nearly identical at the rRNA level.

Question 8

The name Urochordata means literally

Accepted Answer

A)  "tail chordates." 
B)  "head chordates." 
C)  "kidney chordates." 
D)  "tunic chordates." 
E)  "larval swimmer." 
A)  "tail chordates." 
B)  "head chordates." 
C)  "kidney chordates." 
D)  "tunic chordates." 
E)  "larval swimmer."

Question 9

A dorsal tubular nerve cord is

Accepted Answer

A)  another name for the notochord. 
B)  a strip of cartilage that forms a back and tail. 
C)  primitive tissue that forms bone vertebrae. 
D)  an early nerve cord that enlarges at one end to form the brain and also extends through vertebrae. 
E)  None of the choices are correct. 
A)  another name for the notochord. 
B)  a strip of cartilage that forms a back and tail. 
C)  primitive tissue that forms bone vertebrae. 
D)  an early nerve cord that enlarges at one end to form the brain and also extends through vertebrae. 
E)  None of the choices are correct.

Question 10

The development of a new vertebrate head was largely the result of two embryonic innovations: the neural crest and _________ ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The development of a new vertebrate head...

Question 11

Reproduction in sea squirts is

Accepted Answer

A)  asexual, with new individuals budding off the adults. 
B)  hermaphroditic with internal fertilization. 
C)  hermaphroditic with external fertilization. 
D)  with separate sexes and internal fertilization. 
E)  with separate sexes and external fertilization. 
A)  asexual, with new individuals budding off the adults. 
B)  hermaphroditic with internal fertilization. 
C)  hermaphroditic with external fertilization. 
D)  with separate sexes and internal fertilization. 
E)  with separate sexes and external fertilization.

Question 12

The ammocoete larvae is important in zoology since it

Accepted Answer

A)  is the "missing link" between chordates and vertebrates. 
B)  represents the features of the most advanced chordate that is not a vertebrate. 
C)  represents the features of the first vertebrates that are not obscured by advanced vertebrate development. 
D)  is identical to the earliest Burgess shale fossil vertebrate. 
E)  possesses all features found in derived vertebrates, and evolution from this point forward was a matter of losing different features. 
A)  is the "missing link" between chordates and vertebrates. 
B)  represents the features of the most advanced chordate that is not a vertebrate. 
C)  represents the features of the first vertebrates that are not obscured by advanced vertebrate development. 
D)  is identical to the earliest Burgess shale fossil vertebrate. 
E)  possesses all features found in derived vertebrates, and evolution from this point forward was a matter of losing different features.

Question 13

The skeletal rod found in all chordates is called a _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The skeletal rod found in all chordates...

Question 14

In both tunicates and cephalochordates,the ventral side of the branchial sac contains a ciliated,mucus-secreting groove,the ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In both tunicates and cephalochordates,the ventral side...

Question 15

Larval and adult tunicates look virtually nothing alike.How can you explain this dramatic metamorphosis in evolutionary terms?

Accepted Answer

The dramatic metamorphosis from larval t

Question 16

The central definition of a monophyletic group focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A)  Do we have evidence of transitional fossils in the geological record? 
B)  Do we have the majority of species described in each higher taxon? 
C)  Are all of the species described actually real species? 
D)  Do all higher taxa contain all known descendants of their single common ancestor? 
E)  Do all of the taxa fit into the seven ranks of the Linnaean taxonomic hierarchy? 
A)  Do we have evidence of transitional fossils in the geological record? 
B)  Do we have the majority of species described in each higher taxon? 
C)  Are all of the species described actually real species? 
D)  Do all higher taxa contain all known descendants of their single common ancestor? 
E)  Do all of the taxa fit into the seven ranks of the Linnaean taxonomic hierarchy?

Question 17

Are the jawless ostracoderms a real taxon (that is,are they a monophyletic group)?

Accepted Answer

Ostracoderms are an extinct group of jaw

Question 18

Outline the five chordate features.What is the fate of the endostyle in the higher vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

The five chordate features are key chara

Question 19

The larva of the freshwater lamprey,that closely resembles the amphioxus lancelet,is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammocoete. 
B)  Branchiostoma. 
C)  Cephalaspidomorph. 
D)  Heterostracan. 
E)  Ostracoderm. 
A)  Ammocoete. 
B)  Branchiostoma. 
C)  Cephalaspidomorph. 
D)  Heterostracan. 
E)  Ostracoderm.

Question 20

The earliest known vertebrate fossil,from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia,is an amphioxus-like creature called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The earliest known vertebrate fossil,from the Burgess...

Exam 23: Chordates

What feature(s)can be found in the ammocoete that are lacking in amphioxus,that are found in vertebrates?

The lancelet reproduces

Walter Garstang's hypothesis of vertebrate evolution could be described as the

Pelagic tunicates with barrel-shaped bodies and complex life histories belong to the class _________.

The perforated pharynx of chordates first evolved as a device for

While several invertebrate groups (phyla)have in the past been proposed as chordate ancestors,embryological evidence indicates the chordates are most probably a sister group to the _____________.

The extant group likely to be the most closely related to the basal chordates are the echinoderms because

The name Urochordata means literally

A dorsal tubular nerve cord is

The development of a new vertebrate head was largely the result of two embryonic innovations: the neural crest and _________ ___________.

Reproduction in sea squirts is

The ammocoete larvae is important in zoology since it

The skeletal rod found in all chordates is called a _________.

In both tunicates and cephalochordates,the ventral side of the branchial sac contains a ciliated,mucus-secreting groove,the ____________.

Larval and adult tunicates look virtually nothing alike.How can you explain this dramatic metamorphosis in evolutionary terms?

The central definition of a monophyletic group focuses on:

Are the jawless ostracoderms a real taxon (that is,are they a monophyletic group)?

Outline the five chordate features.What is the fate of the endostyle in the higher vertebrates?

The larva of the freshwater lamprey,that closely resembles the amphioxus lancelet,is the

The earliest known vertebrate fossil,from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia,is an amphioxus-like creature called _______.

Life: Biological Principles and the Science of Zoology

The Origin and Chemistry of Life

Cells As Units of Life

Cellular Metabolism

Genetics: a Review

Organic Evolution

The Reproductive Process

Principles of Development

Architectural Pattern of an Animal

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Animals

Unicellular Eukaryotes

Sponges and Placozoans

Radiate Animals

Acoelomorpha,Platyzoa,and Mesozoa

Polyzoa and Kryptrochozoa

Molluscs

Annelids and Allied Taxa

Smaller Ecdysozoans

Trilobites, Chelicerates, and Myriapods

Crustaceans

Support, Protection, and Movement

Chaetognaths, Echinoderms, and Hemichordates

Fishes

Early Tetrapods and Modern Amphibians

Amniote Origins and Nonavian Reptiles

Birds

Mammals

Support, protection, and Movement

Homeostasis: Osmotic Regulation, Excretion, and Temperature Regulation

Homeostasis: Internal Fluids and Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Nervous Coordination: Nervous System and Sense Organs

Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System

Immunity

Animal Behavior

Animal Distributions

Animal Ecology

Filters

The development of a new vertebrate head was largely the result of two embryonic innovations: the neural crest and _ ___.