Question 1

The early vertebrate fossils belong to an extinct group of jawless fishes known as ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The early vertebrate fossils belong to an...

Question 2

Why are traditional grouping such as Reptilia and Agnatha not recognized in cladistics? Explain why that does or does not make evolutionary sense.

Accepted Answer

Traditional groupings such as Reptilia a

Question 3

Adult ascidian tunicates have

Accepted Answer

A)  a notochord. 
B)  pharyngeal slits. 
C)  a dorsal heart. 
D)  a nerve cord and the beginning of an advanced brain. 
E)  all of the choices are adult ascidian features. 
A)  a notochord. 
B)  pharyngeal slits. 
C)  a dorsal heart. 
D)  a nerve cord and the beginning of an advanced brain. 
E)  all of the choices are adult ascidian features.

Question 4

The urochordates are

Accepted Answer

A)  called tunicates. 
B)  marine animals. 
C)  sessile as adults, but tadpole-like as larvae. 
D)  often abundant in intertidal organisms. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  called tunicates. 
B)  marine animals. 
C)  sessile as adults, but tadpole-like as larvae. 
D)  often abundant in intertidal organisms. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 5

One overriding advantage of the endoskeleton of vertebrates,as compared to the invertebrate exoskeleton is that it permits __________ without the necessity of molting.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One overriding advantage of the endoskeleton of...

Question 6

"Sea squirts," the most common kind of tunicate,belong to the class ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Sea squirts," the most common kind of...

Question 7

Modification of the pharyngeal slits for first use in respiration occurred in early

Accepted Answer

A)  fish with the development of gills. 
B)  amphibians with the development of external gills. 
C)  reptiles with the development of the modern lung. 
D)  lophophorates well before we reach the chordates. 
E)  echinoderms as a new respiratory apparatus. 
A)  fish with the development of gills. 
B)  amphibians with the development of external gills. 
C)  reptiles with the development of the modern lung. 
D)  lophophorates well before we reach the chordates. 
E)  echinoderms as a new respiratory apparatus.

Question 8

The urochordates are enclosed in a nonliving cellulose-containing structure called a _________ or test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The urochordates are enclosed in a nonliving...

Question 9

Lancelets belong to the subphylum __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lancelets belong to the subphylum __________....

Question 10

Of the five chordate hallmarks,adult tunicates have only two,the _______ _______ and the endostyle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the five chordate hallmarks,adult tunicates have...

Question 11

Outline the process that may explain how vertebrates evolved jaws.Be sure to discuss Meckel's cartilage and the significance of that structure.

Accepted Answer

The evolution of jaws in vertebrates is

Question 12

Although several invertebrate groups have been proposed as chordate ancestors,most zoologists now believe the embryological evidence indicates the chordates have probably descended from ancestors nearest the ___________ lineage.

Accepted Answer

A)  Arthropoda 
B)  Cnidaria 
C)  Annelida-Mollusca 
D)  Lophophorate 
E)  Echinodermata 
A)  Arthropoda 
B)  Cnidaria 
C)  Annelida-Mollusca 
D)  Lophophorate 
E)  Echinodermata

Question 13

In the chordates,the __________ forms in the vicinity of the embryological blastopore.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the chordates,the __________ forms in the...

Question 14

Appendicularians

Accepted Answer

A)  are sexually mature individuals that have retained the larval body form. 
B)  are pelagic. 
C)  build a delicate, transparent, and hollow sphere of mucus to trap food. 
D)  replace feeding houses every 3-4 hours. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  are sexually mature individuals that have retained the larval body form. 
B)  are pelagic. 
C)  build a delicate, transparent, and hollow sphere of mucus to trap food. 
D)  replace feeding houses every 3-4 hours. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Describe the core difference between the traditional and cladistic classification systems as they relate to chordates.

Accepted Answer

The core difference between the traditio

Question 16

The phylum Urochordata includes the classes

Accepted Answer

A)  Ascidiacea, Cephalaspidomorphi, and Myxini. 
B)  Appendicularia, Cephalochordacea, and Myxini. 
C)  Ascidiacea, Myxini, and Thaliacea. 
D)  Thaliacea, Cephalaspidomorphi, and Calcichordata. 
E)  Ascidiacea, Appendicularia, and Thaliacea. 
A)  Ascidiacea, Cephalaspidomorphi, and Myxini. 
B)  Appendicularia, Cephalochordacea, and Myxini. 
C)  Ascidiacea, Myxini, and Thaliacea. 
D)  Thaliacea, Cephalaspidomorphi, and Calcichordata. 
E)  Ascidiacea, Appendicularia, and Thaliacea.

Question 17

The difference(s)between the traditional and cladistic classification of chordates and their extant sister groups is a difference in

Accepted Answer

A)  the addition of new and comparative rRNA and DNA molecular sequence data. 
B)  fossil evidence that clearly shows that the traditional classification is simply wrong. 
C)  the insistence in traditional systematics that all taxa be paraphyletic. 
D)  the insistence in cladistics that all taxa be monophyletic. 
E)  all of the choices are points of argument. 
A)  the addition of new and comparative rRNA and DNA molecular sequence data. 
B)  fossil evidence that clearly shows that the traditional classification is simply wrong. 
C)  the insistence in traditional systematics that all taxa be paraphyletic. 
D)  the insistence in cladistics that all taxa be monophyletic. 
E)  all of the choices are points of argument.

Exam 23: Chordates

The early vertebrate fossils belong to an extinct group of jawless fishes known as ____________.

Why are traditional grouping such as Reptilia and Agnatha not recognized in cladistics? Explain why that does or does not make evolutionary sense.

Adult ascidian tunicates have

The urochordates are

One overriding advantage of the endoskeleton of vertebrates,as compared to the invertebrate exoskeleton is that it permits __________ without the necessity of molting.

"Sea squirts," the most common kind of tunicate,belong to the class ___________.

Modification of the pharyngeal slits for first use in respiration occurred in early

The urochordates are enclosed in a nonliving cellulose-containing structure called a _________ or test.

Lancelets belong to the subphylum __________.

Of the five chordate hallmarks,adult tunicates have only two,the _______ _______ and the endostyle.

Outline the process that may explain how vertebrates evolved jaws.Be sure to discuss Meckel's cartilage and the significance of that structure.

Although several invertebrate groups have been proposed as chordate ancestors,most zoologists now believe the embryological evidence indicates the chordates have probably descended from ancestors nearest the ___________ lineage.

In the chordates,the __________ forms in the vicinity of the embryological blastopore.

Appendicularians

Describe the core difference between the traditional and cladistic classification systems as they relate to chordates.

The phylum Urochordata includes the classes

The difference(s)between the traditional and cladistic classification of chordates and their extant sister groups is a difference in

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Of the five chordate hallmarks,adult tunicates have only two,the _ _ and the endostyle.