Question 1

List the key components of bile.Is bile action similar to the action of lipases? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Bile salts,bile pigments,and cholesterol

Question 2

List the four basic processes of the digestive system,and describe each.

Accepted Answer

1.Digestion is the chemical and mechanic

Question 3

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glucose and galactose absorption uses an apical Na+-glucose SGLT symporter. 
B)  Fructose moves across the apical membrane by active transport. 
C)  Glucose and galactose use different transporters in absorption. 
D)  A basolateral GLUT5 transporter moves glucose out of the intestinal epithelial cell. 
E)  None of the statements are true. 
A)  Glucose and galactose absorption uses an apical Na+-glucose SGLT symporter. 
B)  Fructose moves across the apical membrane by active transport. 
C)  Glucose and galactose use different transporters in absorption. 
D)  A basolateral GLUT5 transporter moves glucose out of the intestinal epithelial cell. 
E)  None of the statements are true.

Question 4

When eaten,nearly 90% of our dietary calories from fat are in the form of

Accepted Answer

A)  steroids. 
B)  phospholipids. 
C)  triglycerides. 
D)  cholesterol. 
E)  fat-soluble vitamins. 
A)  steroids. 
B)  phospholipids. 
C)  triglycerides. 
D)  cholesterol. 
E)  fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 5

Mucus functions in

Accepted Answer

A)  protection only. 
B)  lubrication only. 
C)  enzyme activation only. 
D)  protection and lubrication. 
E)  protection, lubrication, and enzyme activation. 
A)  protection only. 
B)  lubrication only. 
C)  enzyme activation only. 
D)  protection and lubrication. 
E)  protection, lubrication, and enzyme activation.

Question 6

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

Accepted Answer

A)  mucosa. 
B)  submucosa. 
C)  muscularis mucosa. 
D)  myenteric plexus. 
E)  submucosal plexus. 
A)  mucosa. 
B)  submucosa. 
C)  muscularis mucosa. 
D)  myenteric plexus. 
E)  submucosal plexus.

Question 7

Match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it.
-goblet cells

Accepted Answer

A) enzymes 
B) HCl 
C) HCO3- 
D) mucus 
E) more than one of these 
A) enzymes 
B) HCl 
C) HCO3- 
D) mucus 
E) more than one of these

Question 8

Match the following structures with the appropriate description.
-section where chyme is processed to remove water and electrolytes,leaving waste products of digestion

Accepted Answer

A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum 
A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum

Question 9

Match the following structures with the appropriate description.
-located at the ventral end of the cecum

Accepted Answer

A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum 
A) appendix 
B) colon 
C) duodenum 
D) ileum 
E) jejunum

Question 10

Put the following steps of fat digestion and absorption in order:
1)Bile salts coat fat droplets.
2)Cholesterol is transported into cells.
3)Chylomicrons are formed.
4)Chylomicrons are released into lymphatic system.
5)Monoglycerides and fatty acids move out of micelles.
6)Pancreatic lipase and colipase break down fats.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 6, 5, 2, 3, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5 
C)  2, 6, 5, 1, 3, 4 
D)  6, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  1, 6, 5, 2, 3, 4 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 5 
C)  2, 6, 5, 1, 3, 4 
D)  6, 3, 4, 1, 2, 5 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Match the following structures with their functions.
-location of the sphincter that prevents premature emptying of the stomach

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas 
B) pylorus 
C) rectum 
D) small intestine 
E) stomach 
A) pancreas 
B) pylorus 
C) rectum 
D) small intestine 
E) stomach

Question 12

During defecation,

Accepted Answer

A)  stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate sympathetic centers in the spinal cord. 
B)  stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate parasympathetic centers in the spinal cord. 
C)  stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate both sympathetic and parasympathetic centers in the spinal cord. 
D)  the internal anal sphincter is consciously relaxed. 
E)  the external anal sphincter contracts. 
A)  stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate sympathetic centers in the spinal cord. 
B)  stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate parasympathetic centers in the spinal cord. 
C)  stretch receptors in the rectal wall activate both sympathetic and parasympathetic centers in the spinal cord. 
D)  the internal anal sphincter is consciously relaxed. 
E)  the external anal sphincter contracts.

Question 13

The swallowing center in the brain,which coordinates the muscular reflexes,is located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  medulla oblongata. 
C)  pons. 
D)  cerebellum. 
E)  hypothalamus. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  medulla oblongata. 
C)  pons. 
D)  cerebellum. 
E)  hypothalamus.

Question 14

A condition known as lactose intolerance is characterized by painful abdominal cramping,gas,and diarrhea.The cause of the problem is an inability to digest the milk sugar,lactose.How would this cause the observed symptoms? Why is yogurt less likely to trigger the symptoms?

Accepted Answer

If an individual cannot digest lactose,t

Question 15

________ digests terminal peptide bonds to release amino acids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ digests terminal peptide bonds to release...

Question 16

Diarrhea often accompanies intestinal infections.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The immune system increases the production of enzymes for added protection. 
B)  Bacterial toxins enhance the secretion of KCl from the cells, which causes water movement into the intestine. 
C)  Dehydration of the body will kill the bacteria causing the infection. 
D)  Loss of electrolytes will kill bacteria. 
A)  The immune system increases the production of enzymes for added protection. 
B)  Bacterial toxins enhance the secretion of KCl from the cells, which causes water movement into the intestine. 
C)  Dehydration of the body will kill the bacteria causing the infection. 
D)  Loss of electrolytes will kill bacteria.

Question 17

You and your lab partners in a human anatomy course have just removed the intestines from an adult cadaver,and cut away connective tissues as necessary to uncoil the intestines into a straight line that could be measured.Your professor told you that the intestinal tract of an adult of this size and gender is typically about 13 ft.Your measurement is 22 ft.One of the lab partners insists that everything is smaller in preserved cadavers due to dehydration.Address this suggestion,and propose some other explanations for the difference.

Accepted Answer

There is no doubt of some individual var

Question 18

Match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it.
-pancreatic cells

Accepted Answer

A) enzymes 
B) HCl 
C) HCO3- 
D) mucus 
E) more than one of these 
A) enzymes 
B) HCl 
C) HCO3- 
D) mucus 
E) more than one of these

Question 19

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)  the sight, thought, or smell of food. 
B)  the entry of food into the stomach. 
C)  the entry of chyme into the small intestine. 
D)  the entry of chyme into the large intestine. 
E)  the release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine. 
A)  the sight, thought, or smell of food. 
B)  the entry of food into the stomach. 
C)  the entry of chyme into the small intestine. 
D)  the entry of chyme into the large intestine. 
E)  the release of cholecystokinin and secretin by the small intestine.

Question 20

G cells of the stomach secrete

Accepted Answer

A)  cholecystokinin. 
B)  secretin. 
C)  gastrin. 
D)  enterokinase. 
E)  pepsin. 
A)  cholecystokinin. 
B)  secretin. 
C)  gastrin. 
D)  enterokinase. 
E)  pepsin.

Exam 21: The Digestive System

List the key components of bile.Is bile action similar to the action of lipases? Explain.

List the four basic processes of the digestive system,and describe each.

Which of the following statements is true?

When eaten,nearly 90% of our dietary calories from fat are in the form of

Mucus functions in

Sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle in the muscularis externa is the

Match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it. -goblet cells

Match the following structures with the appropriate description. -section where chyme is processed to remove water and electrolytes,leaving waste products of digestion

Match the following structures with the appropriate description. -located at the ventral end of the cecum

Match the following structures with their functions. -location of the sphincter that prevents premature emptying of the stomach

During defecation,

The swallowing center in the brain,which coordinates the muscular reflexes,is located in the

A condition known as lactose intolerance is characterized by painful abdominal cramping,gas,and diarrhea.The cause of the problem is an inability to digest the milk sugar,lactose.How would this cause the observed symptoms? Why is yogurt less likely to trigger the symptoms?

________ digests terminal peptide bonds to release amino acids.

Diarrhea often accompanies intestinal infections.Why?

Match each product with the cell or region that secretes or contains it. -pancreatic cells

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by

G cells of the stomach secrete

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

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