Question 1

High carbon dioxide concentration in body fluids is called

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonation. 
B)  hyperdioxia. 
C)  hyperoxia. 
D)  hypercarbia. 
E)  hypercapnia. 
A)  carbonation. 
B)  hyperdioxia. 
C)  hyperoxia. 
D)  hypercarbia. 
E)  hypercapnia.

Question 2

What force(s)move(s)carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide moves

Question 3

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
-increased 2,3-DPG

Accepted Answer

A) increase 
B) decrease 
A) increase 
B) decrease

Question 4

Define hyperventilation and explain what may cause it.Is the increased ventilation that occurs while exercising an example of hyperventilation? Explain your answer.How are PO2 and PCO2 affected by hyperventilation? Can breathing into a paper bag remedy hyperventilation or is this just unfounded folk medicine? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Hyperventilation is an increase in alveo

Question 5

You are a scientist who has been hired to write a screenplay for a popular TV series.The plot involves the discovery by a rogue botanist of a plant toxin that interferes with the function of the exchange pump responsible for the chloride shift.This scientist provides the toxin to bioterrorists.What should you write for the coroner to say about symptoms in the poisoning victims?

Accepted Answer

The chloride shift is the transport proc

Question 6

Name three pathological changes that adversely affect gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

1.a decrease in the amount of alveolar s

Question 7

What are the three ways CO2 is transported in blood? Approximately what percentage is transported by each way?

Accepted Answer

1.attached to hemogl

Question 8

Match the lung disease to its description.
-destruction of alveoli

Accepted Answer

A) fibrotic lung disease 
B) emphysema 
C) asthma 
D) pulmonary edema 
A) fibrotic lung disease 
B) emphysema 
C) asthma 
D) pulmonary edema

Question 9

Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.How does the means of transport relate to the solubility and chemical reactivity of these gases in plasma?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is not highly soluble in water,wh

Question 10

Generally,PCO2 in arterial blood is ________ than PCO2 in venous blood.

Accepted Answer

Question 11

A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would

Accepted Answer

A)  interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin. 
B)  cause an increase in blood pH. 
C)  increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood. 
D)  decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  interfere with oxygen binding to hemoglobin. 
B)  cause an increase in blood pH. 
C)  increase the amount of bicarbonate formed in the blood. 
D)  decrease the amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the plasma. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately ________ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  40 
B)  45 
C)  50 
D)  70 
E)  100 
A)  40 
B)  45 
C)  50 
D)  70 
E)  100

Question 13

In the medulla oblongata,the nucleus tractus solitarius contains the ________ of neurons.

Accepted Answer

A)  pontine respiratory group 
B)  ventral respiratory group 
C)  dorsal respiratory group 
D)  pre-Botzinger complex 
A)  pontine respiratory group 
B)  ventral respiratory group 
C)  dorsal respiratory group 
D)  pre-Botzinger complex

Question 14

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
-increased PCO2

Accepted Answer

A) increase 
B) decrease 
A) increase 
B) decrease

Question 15

List and explain the factors that influence gas diffusion in the lungs.

Accepted Answer

Concentration gradient,surface area,memb

Question 16

The chloride shift occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen ions leave the red blood cells. 
B)  hydrogen ions enter the red blood cells. 
C)  bicarbonate ions enter the red blood cells. 
D)  bicarbonate ions leave the red blood cells. 
E)  carbonic acid is formed. 
A)  hydrogen ions leave the red blood cells. 
B)  hydrogen ions enter the red blood cells. 
C)  bicarbonate ions enter the red blood cells. 
D)  bicarbonate ions leave the red blood cells. 
E)  carbonic acid is formed.

Question 17

The variables of oxygen consumption,cardiac output,and blood oxygen content are unrelated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Of the factors that influence diffusion of respiratory gases,the most variable and,therefore,important factor to consider is the

Accepted Answer

A)  concentration gradient. 
B)  diffusion distance. 
C)  membrane surface area. 
D)  membrane thickness. 
E)  electrical charge. 
A)  concentration gradient. 
B)  diffusion distance. 
C)  membrane surface area. 
D)  membrane thickness. 
E)  electrical charge.

Question 19

The Hering-Breuer reflex

Accepted Answer

A)  functions to increase ventilation with changes in blood pressure. 
B)  alters pulmonary ventilation when the PO2 changes. 
C)  alters pulmonary ventilation when the PCO2 changes. 
D)  prevents overexpansion of the lungs. 
E)  is an important aspect of normal, quiet breathing. 
A)  functions to increase ventilation with changes in blood pressure. 
B)  alters pulmonary ventilation when the PO2 changes. 
C)  alters pulmonary ventilation when the PCO2 changes. 
D)  prevents overexpansion of the lungs. 
E)  is an important aspect of normal, quiet breathing.

Question 20

Match the lung disease to its description.
-increased diffusion distance

Accepted Answer

A) fibrotic lung disease 
B) emphysema 
C) asthma 
D) pulmonary edema 
A) fibrotic lung disease 
B) emphysema 
C) asthma 
D) pulmonary edema

Exam 18: Gas Exchange and Transport

High carbon dioxide concentration in body fluids is called

What force(s)move(s)carbon dioxide from the blood into the alveoli?

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. -increased 2,3-DPG

Name three pathological changes that adversely affect gas exchange.

What are the three ways CO2 is transported in blood? Approximately what percentage is transported by each way?

Match the lung disease to its description. -destruction of alveoli

Explain how oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood.How does the means of transport relate to the solubility and chemical reactivity of these gases in plasma?

Generally,PCO2 in arterial blood is ________ than PCO2 in venous blood.

A molecule that blocks the activity of carbonic anhydrase would

The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is approximately ________ mm Hg.

In the medulla oblongata,the nucleus tractus solitarius contains the ________ of neurons.

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. -increased PCO2

List and explain the factors that influence gas diffusion in the lungs.

The chloride shift occurs when

The variables of oxygen consumption,cardiac output,and blood oxygen content are unrelated.

Of the factors that influence diffusion of respiratory gases,the most variable and,therefore,important factor to consider is the

The Hering-Breuer reflex

Match the lung disease to its description. -increased diffusion distance

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

What are the three ways CO₂ is transported in blood? Approximately what percentage is transported by each way?

Generally,P_CO₂ in arterial blood is ________ than P_CO₂ in venous blood.

Match the factor with its effect on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen. -increasedP_CO₂