Question 1

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

Accepted Answer

A)  level of oxygen at the tissue increases. 
B)  level of carbon dioxide at the tissue increases. 
C)  pH rises. 
D)  vessels constrict. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  level of oxygen at the tissue increases. 
B)  level of carbon dioxide at the tissue increases. 
C)  pH rises. 
D)  vessels constrict. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

Osmotic pressure resulting from presence of plasma proteins in blood is called ________ pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  oncotic 
B)  colloid osmotic 
C)  hydrostatic 
D)  oncotic and colloid osmotic 
E)  colloid osmotic and hydrostatic 
A)  oncotic 
B)  colloid osmotic 
C)  hydrostatic 
D)  oncotic and colloid osmotic 
E)  colloid osmotic and hydrostatic

Question 3

Due to the differences in opposing forces,there is net ________ occurring at the arteriolar end of most capillaries,coupled with net ________ at the venous end.

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption, filtration 
B)  filtration, absorption 
A)  absorption, filtration 
B)  filtration, absorption

Question 4

In order to cause vasodilation of most vascular smooth muscle,

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine combines with nicotinic receptors. 
B)  acetylcholine combines with muscarinic receptors. 
C)  norepinephrine combines with alpha receptors. 
D)  norepinephrine combines with β1 receptors. 
E)  sympathetic stimulation is removed. 
A)  acetylcholine combines with nicotinic receptors. 
B)  acetylcholine combines with muscarinic receptors. 
C)  norepinephrine combines with alpha receptors. 
D)  norepinephrine combines with β1 receptors. 
E)  sympathetic stimulation is removed.

Question 5

Tom loves to soak in hot tubs and whirlpools.One day he decides to raise the temperature in his hot tub as high as it will go.After a few minutes in the very warm water,he feels faint,passes out,and nearly drowns.Luckily he is saved by an observant bystander.Explain what happened.

Accepted Answer

In response to the high temperature of t

Question 6

Reactive hyperemia is triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)  local accumulation of paracrines due to reduced blood flow. 
B)  reflex contraction of smooth muscle following a period of dilation. 
C)  stress and the hormones released during stress. 
D)  toxins or allergens, such as bee venom or pollen. 
E)  None of the answers are correct. 
A)  local accumulation of paracrines due to reduced blood flow. 
B)  reflex contraction of smooth muscle following a period of dilation. 
C)  stress and the hormones released during stress. 
D)  toxins or allergens, such as bee venom or pollen. 
E)  None of the answers are correct.

Question 7

A parasitic condition resulting in extreme enlargement of one or both legs is called

Accepted Answer

A)  elephantiasis. 
B)  elephantitis. 
C)  elephantosis. 
D)  ascites. 
A)  elephantiasis. 
B)  elephantitis. 
C)  elephantosis. 
D)  ascites.

Question 8

Define and describe the mechanism of myogenic autoregulation.

Accepted Answer

Myogenic autoregulation is the self-regu

Question 9

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP)for each example listed.
A.a person with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg
B.a person with a blood pressure of 130/95 mm Hg

Accepted Answer

MAP = diastolic P + 1/3 (systo

Question 10

Blood pressure is determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  measuring the size of the pulse pressure. 
B)  measuring the pressure in the left ventricle. 
C)  measuring the force exerted by blood in a vessel. 
D)  measuring the degree of turbulence in a closed vessel. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  measuring the size of the pulse pressure. 
B)  measuring the pressure in the left ventricle. 
C)  measuring the force exerted by blood in a vessel. 
D)  measuring the degree of turbulence in a closed vessel. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

While you study blood vessel structure in your dorm room,your roommate prepares to bike to his favorite fishing hole.You absent-mindedly watch as he puts on his bike shorts,which look absurdly small in his hands but stretch easily then snap back to fit tightly.His fishing shirt is a nonstretchy cotton weave that fits loosely,with open mesh panels across the back and armpits for ventilation.Considering only the basic structural differences in arteries,veins,and capillaries,which of the types of fabrics resemble which vessels,and why?

Accepted Answer

The bike shorts stretch and re

Question 12

The mean arterial pressure (MAP)is important because

Accepted Answer

A)  it represents the driving pressure for blood flow. 
B)  it reflects the difference in time that systole lasts compared to diastole. 
C)  it forces the practitioner to do math, thus they must pay attention to the values obtained. 
D)  it represents the driving pressure for blood flow and it reflects the difference in time that systole lasts compared to diastole. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  it represents the driving pressure for blood flow. 
B)  it reflects the difference in time that systole lasts compared to diastole. 
C)  it forces the practitioner to do math, thus they must pay attention to the values obtained. 
D)  it represents the driving pressure for blood flow and it reflects the difference in time that systole lasts compared to diastole. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Malnutrition can cause edema because

Accepted Answer

A)  there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis. 
B)  interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels. 
C)  the resulting anemia increases blood pressure. 
D)  there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis and interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis. 
B)  interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels. 
C)  the resulting anemia increases blood pressure. 
D)  there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis and interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 14

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except one.Identify the exception.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased sympathetic stimulation 
B)  elevated levels of epinephrine 
C)  vasodilation 
D)  irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques 
E)  factors that cause increased hematocrit 
A)  increased sympathetic stimulation 
B)  elevated levels of epinephrine 
C)  vasodilation 
D)  irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques 
E)  factors that cause increased hematocrit

Question 15

The condition known as shock is characterized by a decreased return of venous blood to the heart.How could an upsetting situation such as the sight of a tragic accident or very bad news produce shock?

Accepted Answer

The upsetting stimuli would be processed

Question 16

Compare and contrast the types of pressure and flow in systemic,pulmonary,glomerular,and peritubular capillaries using simple diagrams or tables.Be as complete and specific as possible.You do not need to provide values for the pressures,but you should indicate the relative strength of the different pressures.

Accepted Answer

Systemic and pulmonary blood flow is equ

Question 17

Outline the relationship between hypertension and the development of congestive heart failure.

Accepted Answer

This is discussed in

Question 18

If a person is bedridden for several days,the baroreceptor reflex may fail upon standing.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pools in the feet and legs. 
B)  There is reduced blood flow to the brain. 
C)  The kidneys have reduced the blood volume. 
D)  Blood pools in the feet and legs and there is reduced blood flow to the brain. 
E)  All of the statements are correct. 
A)  Blood pools in the feet and legs. 
B)  There is reduced blood flow to the brain. 
C)  The kidneys have reduced the blood volume. 
D)  Blood pools in the feet and legs and there is reduced blood flow to the brain. 
E)  All of the statements are correct.

Question 19

Which of the following is greater?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood pressure when sympathetic stimulation to the heart increases 
B)  blood pressure when parasympathetic stimulation to the heart increases 
A)  blood pressure when sympathetic stimulation to the heart increases 
B)  blood pressure when parasympathetic stimulation to the heart increases

Question 20

Which of these does NOT increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  being a male over 30 but under 55 
B)  being a female over 30 but under 55 
C)  having a sister with coronary artery disease 
D)  menopause without estrogen replacement therapy 
E)  having diabetes mellitus 
A)  being a male over 30 but under 55 
B)  being a female over 30 but under 55 
C)  having a sister with coronary artery disease 
D)  menopause without estrogen replacement therapy 
E)  having diabetes mellitus

Exam 15: Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

Osmotic pressure resulting from presence of plasma proteins in blood is called ________ pressure.

Due to the differences in opposing forces,there is net ________ occurring at the arteriolar end of most capillaries,coupled with net ________ at the venous end.

In order to cause vasodilation of most vascular smooth muscle,

Tom loves to soak in hot tubs and whirlpools.One day he decides to raise the temperature in his hot tub as high as it will go.After a few minutes in the very warm water,he feels faint,passes out,and nearly drowns.Luckily he is saved by an observant bystander.Explain what happened.

Reactive hyperemia is triggered by

A parasitic condition resulting in extreme enlargement of one or both legs is called

Define and describe the mechanism of myogenic autoregulation.

Calculate the mean arterial pressure (MAP)for each example listed. A.a person with a blood pressure of 120/80 mm Hg B.a person with a blood pressure of 130/95 mm Hg

Blood pressure is determined by

The mean arterial pressure (MAP)is important because

Malnutrition can cause edema because

Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except one.Identify the exception.

The condition known as shock is characterized by a decreased return of venous blood to the heart.How could an upsetting situation such as the sight of a tragic accident or very bad news produce shock?

Outline the relationship between hypertension and the development of congestive heart failure.

If a person is bedridden for several days,the baroreceptor reflex may fail upon standing.Why?

Which of the following is greater?

Which of these does NOT increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

Due to the differences in opposing forces,there is net occurring at the arteriolar end of most capillaries,coupled with net at the venous end.