Exam 4: Learning and Human Nurture

An animal is conditioned to salivate to a metronome using Pavlovian procedures. After the conditioning is established, the animal is then put through an extinction procedure and the conditioned salivation disappears. Then the animal is removed from the test situation for several days. When returned to the test situation, the conditioned response is seen again. The effect is known as

You are sitting in a class when your professor holds up a large white feather. We could guess that most people would not really respond in any important way to the feather, because the feather is a(n)

______ refers to a simple form of learning that involves learning NOT to respond to stimulation.

When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that

In order to get her 3ʳᵈ-grade students to memorize the poem written on the chalkboard, Mrs. Thyberg gives the students stickers for each poem they can recite from memory. After earning 5 stickers, a student gets to pick a prize out of the goody box. Mrs. Thyberg is using (a) ________ to modify the children's behaviors.

To avoid conditioned taste aversions, cancer patients are now given ________ during chemotherapy

What kind of reinforcement is used if Sally's parents give her $10 every time she accumulates six A's on her tests?

One outcome demonstrated by Watson and Rayner's testing with Little Albert was that

________ refers to the process of experience producing a lasting change in behavior.

While walking down a dark alley, you jump at a loud noise. This would not be considered learning because

Generally, it is best to present the CS followed immediately by the US for conditioning to occur. One exception to this rule is illustrated by

Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as a(n)

A _________ reinforcer, such as money or praise, gets its value through an association with a _________ reinforcer.

________ are consequences that alter the likelihood of behaviors.

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit. At first, the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak. After a while, it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb. Eventually, the bird flies up to the piece of fruit, even though that prevents it from getting the fruit. According to the Brelands' analysis of biological constraints, the bird is demonstrating

The best way to ensure that your son will continue to clean his room once he has started doing it is to

Which of the following statements regarding Pavlov is accurate?

The abbreviation CS stands for

Researchers argue that complex organisms have two types of learning "circuits" - one involving simple behavior responses and the other involving

A telemarketer is working according to a ________ schedule of reinforcement.