Exam 4: Learning and Human Nurture

The abbreviation UCR stands for

B. F. Skinner was a radical behaviorist who refused to

As a marine biologist, you are trying to teach a dolphin to jump over a bar. At first, you reward the dolphin every time it swims near the bar. Then, you only reward her when she emerges from the water near the bar. Eventually, you reward the dolphin each time she jumps out of the water. Then, you only reward the dolphin when she jumps over the bar. This technique is an example of

After Pavlov's dogs became conditioned to salivate at the sound of the metronome, he experimented with sounding the metronome and then failing to present the dogs with any food right away. Soon they stopped salivating to the sound of the metronome. This represents the process called

How did Garcia convince coyotes to dislike lamb?

Maricella works as a seamstress. Her boss tells her that every time she completes five shirts, she will receive $5. When done with the five shirts, she dumps them into a bin and gets paid. Her pattern of shirt completion is most likely to be

Under what circumstances will a reinforcer make the target response more likely to occur again?

One of Pavlov's dogs had stopped salivating at the sound of the tone. The next day the tone was presented again and the dog began salivating. Pavlov referred to this as

The best strategy to teach an organism a new response quickly is to use

__________ is a process through which experience brings about a lasting change in behavior or knowledge.

________ classical conditioning, operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________.

Which of the following criteria helps to increase the effectiveness of punishment?

The capacity of an organism to form a "cognitive map" of their environment

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that schedule is called a ________ schedule.

Contrast the four schedules of reinforcement in operant conditioning and give an example of each.

________ is an example of a primary reinforcer, whereas ________ is an example of a secondary reinforcer.

In terms of the equity of punishment,

The longest interval between the CS and UCS is required for classical conditioning of

As an infant, Stephanie received many penicillin injections from the doctor. When she later saw a photographer in a white coat that was similar to the doctor's coat, she started to cry. This is an example of