Exam 4: Learning and Human Nurture

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people.

For Little Albert, his fear of ________ was interpreted as an instance of ________.

Sue noticed that whenever she opened the door to the pantry, her dog would come into the kitchen and act hungry by drooling and whining. She thought that because the dog food was stored in the pantry, the sound of the door had become a(n)

Olivia is punished for spilling her cereal. Her parents give her a spanking and send her to her room where she cries. Later, her puppy makes a mess on the floor. Olivia kicks her puppy and puts it out in the yard where it whines sadly. Which of the following statements explains her behavior toward the puppy?

The initial learning stage in classical conditioning, in which the neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus, is known as

Bob has learned that he can usually get what he wants from his parents if he keeps whining for something. One day Bob starts whining in the toy store because he wants a GI JOE action figure. His father refuses to give it to him and ignores his whining. What will happen?

Robert's dog, Little Gut, runs to Robert when he says, "Come." If one day, Little Gut comes running when Robert says, "Dumb," we might say that Little Gut has demonstrated

Which of the following is NOT an example of operant behavior?

Human beings generally have an aversion to bitter and sour foods. Some researchers suggest that this is because foods that are inedible or even poisonous are often bitter or sour. The tendency of human beings to find these potentially harmful foods repulsive is an example of (a)

The fact that food aversions are ________ poses a problem for classical conditioning theory.

Name and discuss the four major kinds of consequences that function in the process of operant conditioning.

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is being used?

A television producer who receives a monthly check is working according to a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Positive reinforcers ________ the likelihood of ensuing responses.

John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. The white rat served as the ________ in his study.

An important discovery stemming from Watson and Rayner's experiment was that

The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called

Observational learning theory's foremost proponent is

A grandmother gives her grandchild a cookie because the child cleaned her room. What is the cookie in this example?

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?