Question 1

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  CR fading 
B)  extinction 
C)  habituation 
D)  generalization fading 
E)  discriminatory fading 
A)  CR fading 
B)  extinction 
C)  habituation 
D)  generalization fading 
E)  discriminatory fading

Question 2

The abbreviation UCS stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional statement. 
B)  uniform conditioned subject. 
C)  unconditional sensation. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus. 
E)  operant stimulus. 
A)  unconditional statement. 
B)  uniform conditioned subject. 
C)  unconditional sensation. 
D)  unconditioned stimulus. 
E)  operant stimulus.

Question 3

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the case of Little Albert?

Accepted Answer

A)  a white rat 
B)  a loud noise 
C)  a high chair 
D)  a small enclosed space 
E)  a blanket 
A)  a white rat 
B)  a loud noise 
C)  a high chair 
D)  a small enclosed space 
E)  a blanket

Question 4

Punishment must be administered ________ in order to be effective.

Accepted Answer

A)  on a schedule of partial reinforcement 
B)  immediately and consistently 
C)  intermittently 
D)  after a cooling-off period 
E)  by providing pleasant stimuli 
A)  on a schedule of partial reinforcement 
B)  immediately and consistently 
C)  intermittently 
D)  after a cooling-off period 
E)  by providing pleasant stimuli

Question 5

One of the best therapy strategies for eliminating conditioned fears involves combining ________ in a process known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative and positive reinforcement; aversion 
B)  arousal and stress reduction; shaping 
C)  conditioned and unconditioned responses; discrimination 
D)  primary and secondary reinforcers; social learning 
E)  extinction and relaxation; counterconditioning 
A)  negative and positive reinforcement; aversion 
B)  arousal and stress reduction; shaping 
C)  conditioned and unconditioned responses; discrimination 
D)  primary and secondary reinforcers; social learning 
E)  extinction and relaxation; counterconditioning

Question 6

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert?

Accepted Answer

A)  a rat 
B)  a loud noise 
C)  a high chair 
D)  a small enclosed space 
E)  a blanket 
A)  a rat 
B)  a loud noise 
C)  a high chair 
D)  a small enclosed space 
E)  a blanket

Question 7

In Pavlov's classic experiments, the repeated presentations of the metronome along with the food was called the ________ step of the classical conditioning process.

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition 
B)  testing 
C)  extinction 
D)  spontaneous recovery 
E)  generalizing 
A)  acquisition 
B)  testing 
C)  extinction 
D)  spontaneous recovery 
E)  generalizing

Question 8

A farmer is being troubled by coyotes eating his sheep. In an attempt to solve the problem, he kills a sheep and laces its body with a nausea-inducing drug. He leaves the sheep out where he knows the coyotes roam. He hopes they will learn not to eat the sheep. The farmer is attempting to apply the research of ________to accomplish this.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandura 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Tolman 
D)  Garcia 
E)  Seligman 
A)  Bandura 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Tolman 
D)  Garcia 
E)  Seligman

Question 9

During summer camp, campers get a sticker each time they demonstrate good sportsmanship. When they have earned 10 stickers, they may select a candy bar. This represents an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  primary shaping. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  reward generalization. 
E)  a token economy. 
A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  primary shaping. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  reward generalization. 
E)  a token economy.

Question 10

Drivers seldom slow down in construction zones because

Accepted Answer

A)  receiving tickets increases aggression toward the police. 
B)  the punishment is unlikely to occur. 
C)  learned helplessness usually occurs. 
D)  certain drivers are more likely to receive speeding tickets. 
E)  the signs do not tell the driver what is expected. 
A)  receiving tickets increases aggression toward the police. 
B)  the punishment is unlikely to occur. 
C)  learned helplessness usually occurs. 
D)  certain drivers are more likely to receive speeding tickets. 
E)  the signs do not tell the driver what is expected.

Question 11

Any observable, voluntary behavior that is emitted by an organism to affect the environment is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response. 
B)  negative reinforcer. 
C)  positive reinforcer. 
D)  operant. 
E)  intermittent variable. 
A)  conditioned response. 
B)  negative reinforcer. 
C)  positive reinforcer. 
D)  operant. 
E)  intermittent variable.

Question 12

For every 5 times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  variable interval 
D)  fixed interval 
E)  shaped 
A)  fixed ratio 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  variable interval 
D)  fixed interval 
E)  shaped

Question 13

Imagine that you have an intense fear of flying and that that you are enrolled in a counterconditioning therapy program to help you lose this fear. Which of the following situations would greatly interfere with the success of this therapy for fear of flying?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your plane develops engine trouble while you are on a short 20-minute practice flight. 
B)  You take a muscle relaxant to calm you before the therapy. 
C)  You are told over and over that flying is quite safe. 
D)  You watch a movie about a person safely flying on a trip. 
E)  B and C are 
A)  Your plane develops engine trouble while you are on a short 20-minute practice flight. 
B)  You take a muscle relaxant to calm you before the therapy. 
C)  You are told over and over that flying is quite safe. 
D)  You watch a movie about a person safely flying on a trip. 
E)  B and C are

Question 14

Reinforcement is to punishment as

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease is to increase. 
B)  increase is to decrease. 
C)  positive is to negative. 
D)  giving is to receiving. 
E)  bad is to good 
A)  decrease is to increase. 
B)  increase is to decrease. 
C)  positive is to negative. 
D)  giving is to receiving. 
E)  bad is to good

Question 15

Mark and Kathy take their 2-year-old son to the supermarket every Saturday. Each week, the same sequence of events unfolds: Their son screams, demanding that they buy him treats. Although they refuse to give in to his demands, he continues to scream. Finally, either Mark or Kathy gets in their son's face and yells at the top of their lungs "Shut up!" He stops screaming instantly. What operant conditioning concepts are illustrated in this story?

Accepted Answer

A)  The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming. 
B)  The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married. 
C)  The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming. 
D)  Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. 
E)  The parents are using classical conditioning, and the screaming is a conditioned response. 
A)  The parents are using negative reinforcement to increase their son's screaming. 
B)  The parents are in a very dysfunctional marriage; their child's screaming is his way of trying to get his parents to remain married. 
C)  The parents are using punishment to suppress the screaming; their use of punishment is negatively reinforced by the cessation of screaming. 
D)  Their son probably learned how to scream by observing his parents at home, and now he is reinforced on a variable-interval schedule of reinforcement. 
E)  The parents are using classical conditioning, and the screaming is a conditioned response.

Question 16

Thorndike was known for his work with

Accepted Answer

A)  a Skinner box 
B)  a puzzle box 
C)  modeling 
D)  monkeys 
E)  insight learning 
A)  a Skinner box 
B)  a puzzle box 
C)  modeling 
D)  monkeys 
E)  insight learning

Question 17

Insight learning involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the perception of familiar objects in new forms or relationships. 
B)  the integration of unfamiliar objects into familiar patterns. 
C)  a strategy of vicarious trial-and-error. 
D)  the development of abstract concepts. 
E)  the process of assimilation. 
A)  the perception of familiar objects in new forms or relationships. 
B)  the integration of unfamiliar objects into familiar patterns. 
C)  a strategy of vicarious trial-and-error. 
D)  the development of abstract concepts. 
E)  the process of assimilation.

Question 18

The most effective form of punishment usually involves

Accepted Answer

A)  intense physical pain. 
B)  penalties, such as loss of privileges. 
C)  psychological pain. 
D)  attacks on character. 
E)  delayed and inconsistent consequences. 
A)  intense physical pain. 
B)  penalties, such as loss of privileges. 
C)  psychological pain. 
D)  attacks on character. 
E)  delayed and inconsistent consequences.

Question 19

Positive reinforcement is to negative reinforcement as

Accepted Answer

A)  good is to bad. 
B)  increase is to decrease. 
C)  reward is to punish. 
D)  present is to remove. 
E)  motivate is to inhibit. 
A)  good is to bad. 
B)  increase is to decrease. 
C)  reward is to punish. 
D)  present is to remove. 
E)  motivate is to inhibit.

Question 20

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park. One day when you arrive at the park you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven't seen for years, and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park. Even though the paths are complicated and twisted, you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin. Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  insight. 
C)  the formation of a cognitive map. 
D)  unconscious trial-and-error imagery. 
E)  the learning-performance distinction. 
A)  spontaneous recovery. 
B)  insight. 
C)  the formation of a cognitive map. 
D)  unconscious trial-and-error imagery. 
E)  the learning-performance distinction.

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called

The abbreviation UCS stands for

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the case of Little Albert?

Punishment must be administered ________ in order to be effective.

One of the best therapy strategies for eliminating conditioned fears involves combining in a process known as .

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert?

In Pavlov's classic experiments, the repeated presentations of the metronome along with the food was called the ________ step of the classical conditioning process.

During summer camp, campers get a sticker each time they demonstrate good sportsmanship. When they have earned 10 stickers, they may select a candy bar. This represents an example of

Drivers seldom slow down in construction zones because

Any observable, voluntary behavior that is emitted by an organism to affect the environment is called a(n)

For every 5 times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Imagine that you have an intense fear of flying and that that you are enrolled in a counterconditioning therapy program to help you lose this fear. Which of the following situations would greatly interfere with the success of this therapy for fear of flying?

Reinforcement is to punishment as

Thorndike was known for his work with

Insight learning involves

The most effective form of punishment usually involves

Positive reinforcement is to negative reinforcement as

Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science

Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Development Over the Lifespan

States of Consciousness

Emotion and Motivation

Personality: Theories of the Whole Person

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies for Psychological Disorders

From Stress to Health and Well-Being

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Exam 4: Learning and Human Nurture

When the CS is repeatedly presented in the absence of the UCS (food, in this case), the CR will "die out" in a process called

The abbreviation UCS stands for

What was the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the case of Little Albert?

Punishment must be administered ________ in order to be effective.

One of the best therapy strategies for eliminating conditioned fears involves combining ________ in a process known as ________.

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the case of Little Albert?

In Pavlov's classic experiments, the repeated presentations of the metronome along with the food was called the ________ step of the classical conditioning process.

During summer camp, campers get a sticker each time they demonstrate good sportsmanship. When they have earned 10 stickers, they may select a candy bar. This represents an example of

Drivers seldom slow down in construction zones because

Any observable, voluntary behavior that is emitted by an organism to affect the environment is called a(n)

For every 5 times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This best illustrates which of the following schedules of reinforcement?

Imagine that you have an intense fear of flying and that that you are enrolled in a counterconditioning therapy program to help you lose this fear. Which of the following situations would greatly interfere with the success of this therapy for fear of flying?

Reinforcement is to punishment as

Thorndike was known for his work with

Insight learning involves

The most effective form of punishment usually involves

Positive reinforcement is to negative reinforcement as

Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science

Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Development Over the Lifespan

States of Consciousness

Emotion and Motivation

Personality: Theories of the Whole Person

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies for Psychological Disorders

From Stress to Health and Well-Being

Filters

One of the best therapy strategies for eliminating conditioned fears involves combining in a process known as .