Question 1

In the Pavlov study, the salivation to the tone represents the ________ after conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus (UCS) 
B)  orienting response (OR) 
C)  conditioned stimulus (CS) 
D)  conditioned response (CR) 
E)  neutral stimulus (NS) 
A)  unconditioned stimulus (UCS) 
B)  orienting response (OR) 
C)  conditioned stimulus (CS) 
D)  conditioned response (CR) 
E)  neutral stimulus (NS)

Question 2

You are walking by a cash machine when you notice that the person at the machine starts jumping up-and-down because the machine gave them too much cash. You wait in line and insert your card and ask for the same amount of money as the person before you. Your behavior reflects

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
E)  vicarious trial-and-error. 
A)  social learning. 
B)  latent learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning. 
E)  vicarious trial-and-error.

Question 3

While studying ________, ________ discovered ________ conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  monkeys; Skinner; operant 
B)  rabbits; Watson; observational 
C)  digestion; Pavlov; classical 
D)  mental events; Plato; aerobic 
E)  dogs; Bandura; insight 
A)  monkeys; Skinner; operant 
B)  rabbits; Watson; observational 
C)  digestion; Pavlov; classical 
D)  mental events; Plato; aerobic 
E)  dogs; Bandura; insight

Question 4

Every time Maricella goes to work in the morning, she notices that her dog sulks in the corner of the room and looks very sad. Over several weeks, she notices that the dog gets unhappy when she picks up her car keys, immediately before leaving the house. Which phenomenon of learning best describes the dog's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  innate learning 
C)  negative punishment 
D)  instinctive drift 
E)  stimulus discrimination 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  innate learning 
C)  negative punishment 
D)  instinctive drift 
E)  stimulus discrimination

Question 5

In operant conditioning, behavioral change is brought about by the manipulation of

Accepted Answer

A)  reflexes. 
B)  goals. 
C)  consequences. 
D)  motives. 
E)  thoughts. 
A)  reflexes. 
B)  goals. 
C)  consequences. 
D)  motives. 
E)  thoughts.

Question 6

The Skinner box was designed so that

Accepted Answer

A)  he could punish his daughter, Deborah. 
B)  rats could eliminate painful stimuli. 
C)  animals could press a lever to receive food. 
D)  gerbils could make their way through a maze to a food pellet in the box. 
E)  cats could pull a string to open the door to the box. 
A)  he could punish his daughter, Deborah. 
B)  rats could eliminate painful stimuli. 
C)  animals could press a lever to receive food. 
D)  gerbils could make their way through a maze to a food pellet in the box. 
E)  cats could pull a string to open the door to the box.

Question 7

If Tyler is given an allowance of $5.00 on every Friday for doing his chores, based on a fixed interval, we should expect that he will

Accepted Answer

A)  work hard consistently throughout the week. 
B)  never know when he will be rewarded. 
C)  not do many chores until just before allowance time. 
D)  do his chores to prevent punishment by his parents. 
E)  keep doing his chores, even when he no longer receives allowance. 
A)  work hard consistently throughout the week. 
B)  never know when he will be rewarded. 
C)  not do many chores until just before allowance time. 
D)  do his chores to prevent punishment by his parents. 
E)  keep doing his chores, even when he no longer receives allowance.

Question 8

After feeding a dog with a red bowl but never giving any food with a green bowl, the dog now salivates only to the red bowl. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  insight learning. 
B)  higher-order conditioning. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  stimulus discrimination. 
A)  insight learning. 
B)  higher-order conditioning. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  extinction. 
E)  stimulus discrimination.

Question 9

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  food 
C)  shelter 
D)  a gold star 
E)  air 
A)  water 
B)  food 
C)  shelter 
D)  a gold star 
E)  air

Question 10

When good things happen to someone, the probability of repeating the behavior that occurred before the good things increases. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  the law of desirable consequences. 
E)  intermittent reinforcement. 
A)  Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. 
B)  the law of effect. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  the law of desirable consequences. 
E)  intermittent reinforcement.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a key difference between operant and classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  the order of stimulus and response 
B)  whether they are voluntary 
C)  whether they are based on reflex responses 
D)  whether behavior is based on past stimulation or future conditions 
E)  whether they attempt to explain how learning occurs 
A)  the order of stimulus and response 
B)  whether they are voluntary 
C)  whether they are based on reflex responses 
D)  whether behavior is based on past stimulation or future conditions 
E)  whether they attempt to explain how learning occurs

Question 12

The descriptors "positive" and "negative," when used in reference to reinforcers, are synonyms for

Accepted Answer

A)  "add" and "remove." 
B)  "conditioned" and "unconditioned." 
C)  "increase" and "decrease." 
D)  "voluntary" and "involuntary." 
E)  "new" and "familiar." 
A)  "add" and "remove." 
B)  "conditioned" and "unconditioned." 
C)  "increase" and "decrease." 
D)  "voluntary" and "involuntary." 
E)  "new" and "familiar."

Question 13

The abbreviation CR stands for

Accepted Answer

A)  conditional reinforcement. 
B)  contingent reflex. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  contingent reflection. 
E)  contingent response. 
A)  conditional reinforcement. 
B)  contingent reflex. 
C)  conditioned response. 
D)  contingent reflection. 
E)  contingent response.

Question 14

According to Skinner, when you take an aspirin for your headache, taking the aspirin is ________ whereas the headache is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a positive reinforcer; an operant 
B)  an operant; a negative reinforcer 
C)  an operant; a positive reinforcer 
D)  a negative reinforcer; an operant 
E)  an operant; negative punishment 
A)  a positive reinforcer; an operant 
B)  an operant; a negative reinforcer 
C)  an operant; a positive reinforcer 
D)  a negative reinforcer; an operant 
E)  an operant; negative punishment

Question 15

The cognitive view would argue that learning

Accepted Answer

A)  always changes both behavior and thinking. 
B)  does not always change behavior, but it always produces changes in mental activity. 
C)  does not always change thinking, but it always produces changes in behaviors. 
D)  produces changes in mental activity that cannot be objectively examined. 
E)  always involves either reward or punishment. 
A)  always changes both behavior and thinking. 
B)  does not always change behavior, but it always produces changes in mental activity. 
C)  does not always change thinking, but it always produces changes in behaviors. 
D)  produces changes in mental activity that cannot be objectively examined. 
E)  always involves either reward or punishment.

Question 16

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of Alan near the aquarium 
B)  fish swimming to the top 
C)  aquarium light 
D)  fish food 
E)  the sound of his footsteps as he approaches the tank 
A)  presence of Alan near the aquarium 
B)  fish swimming to the top 
C)  aquarium light 
D)  fish food 
E)  the sound of his footsteps as he approaches the tank

Question 17

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the Bobo doll study. The term Bobo refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandura's pet name for the dog used in the study. 
B)  Bandura's loyal but strange assistant that carried out the study. 
C)  Bandura's nickname that his wife had given him. 
D)  the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study. 
E)  the name of the camp from which the children who were participants in the study were drawn. 
A)  Bandura's pet name for the dog used in the study. 
B)  Bandura's loyal but strange assistant that carried out the study. 
C)  Bandura's nickname that his wife had given him. 
D)  the type of inflatable doll that was used in the study. 
E)  the name of the camp from which the children who were participants in the study were drawn.

Question 18

The person MOST closely associated with the law of effect is

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Pavlov 
D)  Thorndike 
E)  Bandura 
A)  Watson 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Pavlov 
D)  Thorndike 
E)  Bandura

Question 19

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  vicarious learning. 
D)  cognitive learning. 
E)  observational learning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  vicarious learning. 
D)  cognitive learning. 
E)  observational learning.

Question 20

________ refers to a procedure in classical conditioning where a CR no longer occurs in the presence of the CS due to the absence of the UCS.

Accepted Answer

A)  Extinction 
B)  Spontaneous recovery 
C)  Inhibition 
D)  Discrimination 
E)  Generalization 
A)  Extinction 
B)  Spontaneous recovery 
C)  Inhibition 
D)  Discrimination 
E)  Generalization

In the Pavlov study, the salivation to the tone represents the ________ after conditioning.

You are walking by a cash machine when you notice that the person at the machine starts jumping up-and-down because the machine gave them too much cash. You wait in line and insert your card and ask for the same amount of money as the person before you. Your behavior reflects

While studying , discovered conditioning.

In operant conditioning, behavioral change is brought about by the manipulation of

The Skinner box was designed so that

If Tyler is given an allowance of $5.00 on every Friday for doing his chores, based on a fixed interval, we should expect that he will

After feeding a dog with a red bowl but never giving any food with a green bowl, the dog now salivates only to the red bowl. This is an example of:

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

When good things happen to someone, the probability of repeating the behavior that occurred before the good things increases. This best illustrates

Which of the following is NOT a key difference between operant and classical conditioning?

The descriptors "positive" and "negative," when used in reference to reinforcers, are synonyms for

The abbreviation CR stands for

According to Skinner, when you take an aspirin for your headache, taking the aspirin is whereas the headache is .

The cognitive view would argue that learning

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the Bobo doll study. The term Bobo refers to

The person MOST closely associated with the law of effect is

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on

________ refers to a procedure in classical conditioning where a CR no longer occurs in the presence of the CS due to the absence of the UCS.

Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science

Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Development Over the Lifespan

States of Consciousness

Emotion and Motivation

Personality: Theories of the Whole Person

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies for Psychological Disorders

From Stress to Health and Well-Being

Filters

Exam 4: Learning and Human Nurture

In the Pavlov study, the salivation to the tone represents the ________ after conditioning.

You are walking by a cash machine when you notice that the person at the machine starts jumping up-and-down because the machine gave them too much cash. You wait in line and insert your card and ask for the same amount of money as the person before you. Your behavior reflects

While studying ________, ________ discovered ________ conditioning.

In operant conditioning, behavioral change is brought about by the manipulation of

The Skinner box was designed so that

If Tyler is given an allowance of $5.00 on every Friday for doing his chores, based on a fixed interval, we should expect that he will

After feeding a dog with a red bowl but never giving any food with a green bowl, the dog now salivates only to the red bowl. This is an example of:

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

When good things happen to someone, the probability of repeating the behavior that occurred before the good things increases. This best illustrates

Which of the following is NOT a key difference between operant and classical conditioning?

The descriptors "positive" and "negative," when used in reference to reinforcers, are synonyms for

The abbreviation CR stands for

According to Skinner, when you take an aspirin for your headache, taking the aspirin is ________ whereas the headache is ________.

The cognitive view would argue that learning

Alan always turns the aquarium light on before putting fish food into the tank. After a while he notices that the fish swim to the top to look for the food as soon as he turns on the light. In this example, the ________ is the unconditioned stimulus.

Bandura conducted a classic study known as the Bobo doll study. The term Bobo refers to

The person MOST closely associated with the law of effect is

A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on

________ refers to a procedure in classical conditioning where a CR no longer occurs in the presence of the CS due to the absence of the UCS.

Mind, Behavior, and Psychological Science

Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking and Intelligence

Development Over the Lifespan

States of Consciousness

Emotion and Motivation

Personality: Theories of the Whole Person

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies for Psychological Disorders

From Stress to Health and Well-Being

Filters

While studying , discovered conditioning.

According to Skinner, when you take an aspirin for your headache, taking the aspirin is whereas the headache is .