Exam 41: Nutrition and Metabolism

The most common lipids in the diet are:

Glycolysis is unique in carbohydrate metabolism in that it is the only process that does not occur in the mitochondrion.

Whereas insulin tends to decrease the blood glucose level, glucagon tends to increase it.

Fatty acids are broken down by a process of beta oxidation.

What is the usual function of vitamins? Name three vitamins and explain their function.

Ammonia is a byproduct of the catabolism of fatty acids.

Basal metabolic rate assumes three "basal" conditions; name and explain them.

Growth hormone is considered an anabolic hormone.

Unsaturated fats have double bonds in their fatty acid chains.

One function of lactate is to convert NADH back to NAD.

The conversion of proteins to glucose is an example of gluconeogenesis.

A deficiency in which of the following minerals leads to thyroid enlargement and a decrease in the metabolic rate?

Explain how the lack of oxygen would inhibit the Krebs cycle.

The Cori cycle rebuilds glucose from pyruvic acid to pay off the oxygen debt.

Match each term with its corresponding statement or definition. -Process that forms glycogen that can be stored by muscle and liver cells

There are lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids that are needed by the body but cannot be made by the body. Because of this, they are called "essential" and must be included in the diet.

In the anaerobic pathway, glucose can be converted to lactate without the use of oxygen. The lactate can then enter the citric acid cycle.

Body weight increases when energy input is less than energy output.

Protein, or nitrogen, balance means protein:

An end product of the anaerobic pathway of glucose is lactic acid.