Exam 36: Ventilation

Peak flow can be measured by a simple, handheld spirometer.

Orthopnea can be relieved by assuming an erect posture.

In both inspiration and expiration, air moves down a pressure gradient.

With emphysema, the amount of dead space air increases.

Anatomical dead air space and physiological dead air space are interchangeable terms.

At the time between inspiration and expiration, the air in the lungs must be at atmospheric pressure.

When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the base of the ribs together, forcing air out of the lungs.

The apneustic center is located in the medulla of the brain.

Normal tidal volume is about 500 ml.

Alveolar ventilation is inspired air minus:

Boyle's law states that the volume of a gas varies _____ with pressure at a _____ temperature.

Chemoreceptors can be found in both the carotid bodies and the aorta.

Which of the following will cause brief apnea?

Quiet expiration is normally a passive process.

Which type of breathing is characterized by repeated sequences of deep gasps and apnea, and is usually seen in people with increased intracranial pressure?

Match each type of breathing with its corresponding definition. -An increase in pulmonary ventilation in excess of the need for oxygen

A healthy respiratory system will still contain a certain amount of dead air space.

A relatively small rise in arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure stimulates an increase in breathing rate.

A person who is trapped underwater for a long enough time will drown, and this indicates that the cerebral cortex does not have complete control of breathing.

Which muscle is not used in quiet inspiration?