Question 1

Cholera toxin polypeptide A binds to surface gangliosides on target cells.If the gangliosides were removed,

Accepted Answer

A) polypeptide A would bind to target cells. 
B) polypeptide A would enter the cells. 
C) polypeptide B would not be able to enter the cells. 
D) Vibrio would not produce cholera toxin. 
E) Vibrio would bind to target cells. 
A) polypeptide A would bind to target cells. 
B) polypeptide A would enter the cells. 
C) polypeptide B would not be able to enter the cells. 
D) Vibrio would not produce cholera toxin. 
E) Vibrio would bind to target cells.

Question 2

For what reason might the ID50 for Salmonella Typhi decrease when a rat simultaneously ingests sulfa drugs with the pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A) It would not;the ID50 goes up. 
B) The antimicrobial interferes with the microbiome enabling the pathogen to more easily establish infection. 
C) There would not be an effect on the ID50. 
D) The antimicrobial inactivates stomach acid and allows the pathogen to more readily pass to the intestine. 
E) Salmonella Typhi becomes stronger in the presence of sulfa drugs. 
A) It would not;the ID50 goes up. 
B) The antimicrobial interferes with the microbiome enabling the pathogen to more easily establish infection. 
C) There would not be an effect on the ID50. 
D) The antimicrobial inactivates stomach acid and allows the pathogen to more readily pass to the intestine. 
E) Salmonella Typhi becomes stronger in the presence of sulfa drugs.

Question 3

The M protein enhances the virulence of Streptococcus by preventing phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat

Accepted Answer

A) viral infections. 
B) gram-negative bacterial infections. 
C) gram-positive bacterial infections. 
D) protozoan infections. 
E) helminth infestations. 
A) viral infections. 
B) gram-negative bacterial infections. 
C) gram-positive bacterial infections. 
D) protozoan infections. 
E) helminth infestations.

Question 5

All of the following are used by bacteria to attach to host cells EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) M protein. 
B) ligands. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) capsules. 
E) A-B toxins. 
A) M protein. 
B) ligands. 
C) fimbriae. 
D) capsules. 
E) A-B toxins.

Question 6

Superantigens produce intense immune responses by stimulating lymphocytes to produce

Accepted Answer

A) endotoxins. 
B) exotoxins. 
C) cytokines. 
D) leukocidins. 
E) interferons. 
A) endotoxins. 
B) exotoxins. 
C) cytokines. 
D) leukocidins. 
E) interferons.

Question 7

The ID₅₀ is

Accepted Answer

A) a measure of pathogenicity. 
B) the dose that will cause an infection in 50 percent of the test population. 
C) the dose that will kill some of the test population. 
D) the dose that will cause an infection in some of the test population. 
E) the dose that will kill 50 percent of the test population. 
A) a measure of pathogenicity. 
B) the dose that will cause an infection in 50 percent of the test population. 
C) the dose that will kill some of the test population. 
D) the dose that will cause an infection in some of the test population. 
E) the dose that will kill 50 percent of the test population.

Question 8

Injectable drugs are tested for endotoxins by

Accepted Answer

A) the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. 
B) counting the viable bacteria. 
C) filtering out the cells. 
D) looking for turbidity. 
E) culturing bacteria. 
A) the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. 
B) counting the viable bacteria. 
C) filtering out the cells. 
D) looking for turbidity. 
E) culturing bacteria.

Question 9

Lysogenic bacteriophages contribute to bacterial virulence because bacteriophages

Accepted Answer

A) give new gene sequences to the host bacteria. 
B) produce toxins. 
C) carry plasmids. 
D) kill the bacteria,causing release of endotoxins. 
E) kill human cells. 
A) give new gene sequences to the host bacteria. 
B) produce toxins. 
C) carry plasmids. 
D) kill the bacteria,causing release of endotoxins. 
E) kill human cells.

Question 10

Which pathogen and virulence factor are mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A) Streptococcus pneumoniae - capsule 
B) Streptococcus pyogenes - M protein 
C) Clostridium - hyaluronidase 
D) Shigella sonnei - coagulase 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae - IgA protease 
A) Streptococcus pneumoniae - capsule 
B) Streptococcus pyogenes - M protein 
C) Clostridium - hyaluronidase 
D) Shigella sonnei - coagulase 
E) Neisseria gonorrhoeae - IgA protease

Question 11

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

Accepted Answer

A) infection. 
B) septic shock symptoms. 
C) giant cell formation. 
D) nerve damage. 
E) no damage,because they are sterile. 
A) infection. 
B) septic shock symptoms. 
C) giant cell formation. 
D) nerve damage. 
E) no damage,because they are sterile.

Question 12

All of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) toxins. 
B) capsules. 
C) cell wall components. 
D) hyaluronidase. 
E) coagulases. 
A) toxins. 
B) capsules. 
C) cell wall components. 
D) hyaluronidase. 
E) coagulases.

Question 13

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) Salmonella typhi. 
B) Clostridium botulinum. 
C) Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 
D) Clostridium tetani. 
E) Staphylococcus aureus. 
A) Salmonella typhi. 
B) Clostridium botulinum. 
C) Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 
D) Clostridium tetani. 
E) Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 14

Table 15.1 $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | } 
\hline \text { Bacterium } & \text { Portal of Entry } & \text { D50 } \
\hline \text { Staphylococcus aureus } & \text { Wound } & < 10 \
\hline \text { Staphylococcus aureus } & \text { Wound + Ampicillin } & 300 \
\hline
\end{array}$$
Table 15.1 shows the ID₅₀ for Staphylococcus aureus in wounds with and without the administration of ampicillin before surgery.Based on the data,the administration of ampicillin before surgery

Accepted Answer

A) decreases the risk of staphylococcal infection. 
B) increases the risk of staphylococcal infection. 
C) has no effect on risk of infection. 
D) replaces tetracycline. 
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided. 
A) decreases the risk of staphylococcal infection. 
B) increases the risk of staphylococcal infection. 
C) has no effect on risk of infection. 
D) replaces tetracycline. 
E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of direct damage due to bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

A) the uncontrolled muscle contractions in Clostridium tetani infection 
B) the invasion and lysis of intestinal cells by E.coli 
C) the hemolysis of red blood cells in a staphylococcal infection 
D) the fever,nausea,and low blood pressure in a Salmonella infection 
E) the excessive secretion of fluids in a Vibrio cholera infection 
A) the uncontrolled muscle contractions in Clostridium tetani infection 
B) the invasion and lysis of intestinal cells by E.coli 
C) the hemolysis of red blood cells in a staphylococcal infection 
D) the fever,nausea,and low blood pressure in a Salmonella infection 
E) the excessive secretion of fluids in a Vibrio cholera infection

Question 16

Infections with some viruses may induce chromosomal changes that alter the growth properties of host cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following cytopathic effects is cytocidal?

Accepted Answer

A) inclusion bodies 
B) giant cells 
C) antigenic changes 
D) transformation 
E) release of enzymes from lysosomes 
A) inclusion bodies 
B) giant cells 
C) antigenic changes 
D) transformation 
E) release of enzymes from lysosomes

Question 18

Compare and contrast endotoxins and exotoxins.Why are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?

Accepted Answer

Endotoxins and exotoxins are both types

Question 19

Symptoms of intense inflammation and shock occur in some gram-positive bacterial infections due to

Accepted Answer

A) A-B toxins. 
B) lipid A. 
C) membrane-disrupting toxins. 
D) superantigens. 
E) erythrogenic toxin. 
A) A-B toxins. 
B) lipid A. 
C) membrane-disrupting toxins. 
D) superantigens. 
E) erythrogenic toxin.

Question 20

Nonpathogenic Vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by

Accepted Answer

A) phagocytosis. 
B) lysogenic conversion. 
C) conjugation. 
D) transformation. 
E) infecting a pathogenic Vibrio cholerae. 
A) phagocytosis. 
B) lysogenic conversion. 
C) conjugation. 
D) transformation. 
E) infecting a pathogenic Vibrio cholerae.

Exam 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Cholera toxin polypeptide A binds to surface gangliosides on target cells.If the gangliosides were removed,

For what reason might the ID50 for Salmonella Typhi decrease when a rat simultaneously ingests sulfa drugs with the pathogen?

The M protein enhances the virulence of Streptococcus by preventing phagocytosis.

Antibiotics can lead to septic shock if used to treat

All of the following are used by bacteria to attach to host cells EXCEPT

Superantigens produce intense immune responses by stimulating lymphocytes to produce

The ID₅₀ is

Injectable drugs are tested for endotoxins by

Lysogenic bacteriophages contribute to bacterial virulence because bacteriophages

Which pathogen and virulence factor are mismatched?

Endotoxins in sterile injectable drugs could cause

All of the following contribute to a pathogen's invasiveness EXCEPT

All of the following organisms produce exotoxins EXCEPT

Which of the following is an example of direct damage due to bacterial infection?

Infections with some viruses may induce chromosomal changes that alter the growth properties of host cells.

Which of the following cytopathic effects is cytocidal?

Compare and contrast endotoxins and exotoxins.Why are exotoxins more potent than endotoxins?

Symptoms of intense inflammation and shock occur in some gram-positive bacterial infections due to

Nonpathogenic Vibrio cholerae can acquire the cholera toxin gene by

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, algae, protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses,viroids,and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

Filters