Question 1

Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with

Accepted Answer

A) IgE antibodies. 
B) macrophages. 
C) IgG antibodies. 
D) complement. 
E) histamine. 
A) IgE antibodies. 
B) macrophages. 
C) IgG antibodies. 
D) complement. 
E) histamine. A

Question 2

All of the following are reasons why an HIV vaccine has not been developed EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) there is no known animal model of natural immunity for HIV infection. 
B) use of a weakened virus would potentially transmit the infection. 
C) small,inexpensive animals which could be used for HIV vaccine research are not available. 
D) vaccines are not effective against viral infections. 
E) HIV has a high mutation rate so one vaccination would not be effective to treat the world-wide pandemic. 
A) there is no known animal model of natural immunity for HIV infection. 
B) use of a weakened virus would potentially transmit the infection. 
C) small,inexpensive animals which could be used for HIV vaccine research are not available. 
D) vaccines are not effective against viral infections. 
E) HIV has a high mutation rate so one vaccination would not be effective to treat the world-wide pandemic. D

Question 3

HIV is believed to have arisen by mutation of a virus endemic to wild animals in Africa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

Explain why a transplant tissue would be rejected if that tissue had different HLAs compared to the HLAs of the recipient.How can this rejection be decreased?

Accepted Answer

When a transplant tissue has different h

Question 5

The process of desensitization to prevent allergies involves the injection of increasing amounts of

Accepted Answer

A) IgE. 
B) IgG. 
C) antihistamine. 
D) antigen. 
E) RhoGAM. 
A) IgE. 
B) IgG. 
C) antihistamine. 
D) antigen. 
E) RhoGAM.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about type I reactions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) They involve helper T cells. 
B) They involve IgE antibodies. 
C) The symptoms are due to histamine. 
D) Antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils. 
E) The symptoms occur soon after exposure to an antigen. 
A) They involve helper T cells. 
B) They involve IgE antibodies. 
C) The symptoms are due to histamine. 
D) Antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils. 
E) The symptoms occur soon after exposure to an antigen.

Question 7

All of the following are considered examples of type I hypersensitivity EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) asthma. 
B) dust allergies. 
C) severe reactions to insect venom. 
D) pollen allergies. 
E) transplant rejections. 
A) asthma. 
B) dust allergies. 
C) severe reactions to insect venom. 
D) pollen allergies. 
E) transplant rejections.

Question 8

A healthy immune system destroys cancer cells with

Accepted Answer

A) tumor-specific antigens. 
B) CTLs. 
C) CTLs and activated macrophages. 
D) activated macrophages. 
E) CD⁺ T cells. 
A) tumor-specific antigens. 
B) CTLs. 
C) CTLs and activated macrophages. 
D) activated macrophages. 
E) CD⁺ T cells.

Question 9

Worldwide,the primary method of transmission of HIV is

Accepted Answer

A) heterosexual intercourse. 
B) homosexual intercourse. 
C) intravenous drug use. 
D) blood transfusions. 
E) nosocomial. 
A) heterosexual intercourse. 
B) homosexual intercourse. 
C) intravenous drug use. 
D) blood transfusions. 
E) nosocomial.

Question 10

Allergic contact dermatitis is due to

Accepted Answer

A) sensitized T cells. 
B) IgG antibodies. 
C) IgE antibodies. 
D) IgM antibodies. 
E) activated macrophages. 
A) sensitized T cells. 
B) IgG antibodies. 
C) IgE antibodies. 
D) IgM antibodies. 
E) activated macrophages.

Question 11

Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B,Rh⁺?

Accepted Answer

A) anti-A,anti-B,anti-Rh 
B) anti-A,anti-Rh 
C) anti-A 
D) anti-B,anti-Rh 
E) anti-B 
A) anti-A,anti-B,anti-Rh 
B) anti-A,anti-Rh 
C) anti-A 
D) anti-B,anti-Rh 
E) anti-B

Question 12

Which of the following is a possible outcome of an HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Virions may remain latent. 
B) There may be persistent yeast infections. 
C) Infection may initially be asymptomatic. 
D) The disease does not progress to AIDS. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) Virions may remain latent. 
B) There may be persistent yeast infections. 
C) Infection may initially be asymptomatic. 
D) The disease does not progress to AIDS. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 13

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system is unable to discriminate "self" from "nonself."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Figure 19.1
  
-In immune complex reaction shown in Figure 19.1,what is the small,circular/spherical structure labeled "a"?

Accepted Answer

A) antibody 
B) antigen 
C) complement 
D) neutrophil 
E) mast cell 
A) antibody 
B) antigen 
C) complement 
D) neutrophil 
E) mast cell

Question 15

A hypersensitivity reaction refers to immune responses to antigens beyond what would be normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

HIV spikes attach to CD4⁺ receptors found on

Accepted Answer

A) T helper cells. 
B) macrophages. 
C) dendritic cells. 
D) T helper cells and macrophages. 
E) T helper cells,macrophages,and dendritic cells. 
A) T helper cells. 
B) macrophages. 
C) dendritic cells. 
D) T helper cells and macrophages. 
E) T helper cells,macrophages,and dendritic cells.

Question 17

Explain the relationship between thymic selection of maturing T cells and self-tolerance.

Accepted Answer

Thymic selection plays a crucial role in

Question 18

In the serological method for tissue typing,if human cells expressing HLA-I are mixed with anti-HLA-I,complement,and trypan blue,what would indicate the cells are HLA-I?

Accepted Answer

A) Enzyme is released from neutrophils. 
B) Cells are damaged by complement. 
C) Trypan blue enters the cells. 
D) Anti-HLA antibodies bind to HLAs on lymphocytes. 
E) None of the answers are correct;the T cells are missing. 
A) Enzyme is released from neutrophils. 
B) Cells are damaged by complement. 
C) Trypan blue enters the cells. 
D) Anti-HLA antibodies bind to HLAs on lymphocytes. 
E) None of the answers are correct;the T cells are missing.

Question 19

HIV attack of CD4⁺ T cells causes suppression of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

All of the following regarding "immune privileged sites" are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) they include corneal and brain tissue. 
B) they do not have lymphatic vessels. 
C) they are rarely rejected. 
D) they include any tissue transplanted from a pig. 
E) they explain how animals tolerate pregnancies without rejecting the fetus. 
A) they include corneal and brain tissue. 
B) they do not have lymphatic vessels. 
C) they are rarely rejected. 
D) they include any tissue transplanted from a pig. 
E) they explain how animals tolerate pregnancies without rejecting the fetus.

Exam 19: Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with

All of the following are reasons why an HIV vaccine has not been developed EXCEPT

HIV is believed to have arisen by mutation of a virus endemic to wild animals in Africa.

Explain why a transplant tissue would be rejected if that tissue had different HLAs compared to the HLAs of the recipient.How can this rejection be decreased?

The process of desensitization to prevent allergies involves the injection of increasing amounts of

Which of the following statements about type I reactions is FALSE?

All of the following are considered examples of type I hypersensitivity EXCEPT

A healthy immune system destroys cancer cells with

Worldwide,the primary method of transmission of HIV is

Allergic contact dermatitis is due to

Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B,Rh⁺?

Which of the following is a possible outcome of an HIV infection?

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system is unable to discriminate "self" from "nonself."

Figure 19.1 -In immune complex reaction shown in Figure 19.1,what is the small,circular/spherical structure labeled "a"?

A hypersensitivity reaction refers to immune responses to antigens beyond what would be normal.

HIV spikes attach to CD4⁺ receptors found on

Explain the relationship between thymic selection of maturing T cells and self-tolerance.

In the serological method for tissue typing,if human cells expressing HLA-I are mixed with anti-HLA-I,complement,and trypan blue,what would indicate the cells are HLA-I?

HIV attack of CD4⁺ T cells causes suppression of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.

All of the following regarding "immune privileged sites" are true EXCEPT

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