Question 1

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

Accepted Answer

A) mannose on host membranes. 
B) mannose on the surface of microbes. 
C) lectins of the microbe. 
D) gram-negative cell walls. 
E) gram-positive cell walls. 
A) mannose on host membranes. 
B) mannose on the surface of microbes. 
C) lectins of the microbe. 
D) gram-negative cell walls. 
E) gram-positive cell walls. B

Question 2

Activation of C5-C9 results in

Accepted Answer

A) activation of C3. 
B) fixation of complement. 
C) lysis of microbial cells. 
D) phagocytosis. 
E) inflammation. 
A) activation of C3. 
B) fixation of complement. 
C) lysis of microbial cells. 
D) phagocytosis. 
E) inflammation. C

Question 3

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg.The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding.Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Accepted Answer

A) mucociliary escalator 
B) normal skin flora 
C) phagocytosis in the inflammatory response 
D) acidic skin secretions 
E) lysozyme 
A) mucociliary escalator 
B) normal skin flora 
C) phagocytosis in the inflammatory response 
D) acidic skin secretions 
E) lysozyme C

Question 4

Describe the nonspecific antimicrobial effects of mucus,lysozyme,and acidic pH.For each of these substances,list where they are found in the body and how they function in fighting pathogens.

Accepted Answer

Mucus, lysozyme, and acidic pH all have

Question 5

The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway,alternative pathway,and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ________ takes place.

Accepted Answer

A) C1 
B) C2 
C) C3 
D) C5 
E) C6 
A) C1 
B) C2 
C) C3 
D) C5 
E) C6

Question 7

Death results if body temperature rises above

Accepted Answer

A) 35° to 37° C. 
B) 30° to 32° C. 
C) 39° to 41° C. 
D) 44° to 46° C. 
A) 35° to 37° C. 
B) 30° to 32° C. 
C) 39° to 41° C. 
D) 44° to 46° C.

Question 8

Complement proteins in their intact and nonactivated form act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Margination refers to

Accepted Answer

A) the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms. 
B) the chemotactic response of phagocytes. 
C) adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels. 
D) dilation of blood vessels. 
E) the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels. 
A) the adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms. 
B) the chemotactic response of phagocytes. 
C) adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels. 
D) dilation of blood vessels. 
E) the movement of phagocytes through walls of blood vessels.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway. 
B) The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes. 
C) C3 is not involved in the classical pathway. 
D) Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation. 
E) C3b causes opsonization. 
A) C1 is the first protein activated in the classical pathway. 
B) The C1 protein complex is initiated by antigen-antibody complexes. 
C) C3 is not involved in the classical pathway. 
D) Cleaved fragments of some of the proteins act to increase inflammation. 
E) C3b causes opsonization.

Question 11

All of the following are effects of kinins EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) vasodilation. 
B) increased blood vessel permeability. 
C) chemotaxis of phagocytic granulocytes. 
D) drawing in neutrophils to infected or injure area. 
E) production of antibodies. 
A) vasodilation. 
B) increased blood vessel permeability. 
C) chemotaxis of phagocytic granulocytes. 
D) drawing in neutrophils to infected or injure area. 
E) production of antibodies.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body. 
B) Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis. 
C) Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages. 
D) Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses. 
E) Beta interferon attacks invading viruses. 
A) All three types of interferons have the same effect on the body. 
B) Alpha interferon promotes phagocytosis. 
C) Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages. 
D) Alpha interferon acts against specific viruses. 
E) Beta interferon attacks invading viruses.

Question 13

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans.Which of the following would be the MOST severe?

Accepted Answer

A) deficiency of C3 
B) deficiency of C5 
C) deficiency of C6 
D) deficiency of C7 
E) deficiency of C8 
A) deficiency of C3 
B) deficiency of C5 
C) deficiency of C6 
D) deficiency of C7 
E) deficiency of C8

Question 15

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) There are at least thirty complement proteins. 
B) All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum. 
C) Factors B,D,and P cause cytolysis. 
D) Complement activity is antigen-specific. 
E) Complement increases after immunization. 
A) There are at least thirty complement proteins. 
B) All of the complement proteins are constantly active in serum. 
C) Factors B,D,and P cause cytolysis. 
D) Complement activity is antigen-specific. 
E) Complement increases after immunization.

Question 16

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs)has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

All of the following occur during inflammation.What is the first step?

Accepted Answer

A) diapedesis 
B) margination 
C) phagocyte migration 
D) repair 
E) vasodilation 
A) diapedesis 
B) margination 
C) phagocyte migration 
D) repair 
E) vasodilation

Question 18

After ingesting a pathogen,lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) complement. 
B) O₂-. 
C) H₂O₂. 
D) OH. 
E) HOCl. 
A) complement. 
B) O₂-. 
C) H₂O₂. 
D) OH. 
E) HOCl.

Question 19

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) multiple layers of cells. 
B) tears. 
C) saliva. 
D) HCl. 
E) the "ciliary escalator." 
A) multiple layers of cells. 
B) tears. 
C) saliva. 
D) HCl. 
E) the "ciliary escalator."

Question 20

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

A) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms 
B) increased margination of phagocytes 
C) increased diapedesis of phagocytes 
D) inflammation 
E) cytolysis 
A) increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms 
B) increased margination of phagocytes 
C) increased diapedesis of phagocytes 
D) inflammation 
E) cytolysis

Exam 16: Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

The lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

Activation of C5-C9 results in

A child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg.The cut went through her skin and she is bleeding.Which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

Describe the nonspecific antimicrobial effects of mucus,lysozyme,and acidic pH.For each of these substances,list where they are found in the body and how they function in fighting pathogens.

The inflammatory response can only be triggered by an infection.

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway,alternative pathway,and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ________ takes place.

Death results if body temperature rises above

Complement proteins in their intact and nonactivated form act as opsonins by binding to microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis.

Margination refers to

Which of the following statements about the classical pathway of complement activation is FALSE?

All of the following are effects of kinins EXCEPT

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans.Which of the following would be the MOST severe?

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs)has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.

All of the following occur during inflammation.What is the first step?

After ingesting a pathogen,lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

All of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

Which of the following is an effect of opsonization?

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, algae, protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses,viroids,and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

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Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

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