Question 1

Bacteria such as E.coli and Salmonella produce invasins that bind host cells,thus causing the cells to

Accepted Answer

A) release TNF. 
B) produce iron-binding proteins. 
C) engulf the bacteria. 
D) destroy the bacteria. 
E) release cytokines. 
A) release TNF. 
B) produce iron-binding proteins. 
C) engulf the bacteria. 
D) destroy the bacteria. 
E) release cytokines.

Question 2

Polio is transmitted by ingestion of water contaminated with feces containing polio virus.What portal of entry does polio virus use?

Accepted Answer

A) skin only 
B) parenteral only 
C) mucous membranes only 
D) skin and parenteral 
E) skin,parenteral,and mucous membranes 
A) skin only 
B) parenteral only 
C) mucous membranes only 
D) skin and parenteral 
E) skin,parenteral,and mucous membranes

Question 3

Most symptoms of endotoxins can be treated with administration of anti-endotoxin antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which is NOT specifically employed by pathogens to avoid destruction by phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A) producing a capsule 
B) possessing ability to replicate within a phagolysosome 
C) producing superantigens 
D) possessing ability to remain dormant within a phagocyte 
E) forming biofilms 
A) producing a capsule 
B) possessing ability to replicate within a phagolysosome 
C) producing superantigens 
D) possessing ability to remain dormant within a phagocyte 
E) forming biofilms

Question 5

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Leukocidins destroy neutrophils. 
B) Hemolysins lyse red blood cells. 
C) Hyaluronidase breaks down substances between cells. 
D) Kinase destroys fibrin clots. 
E) Coagulase destroys blood clots. 
A) Leukocidins destroy neutrophils. 
B) Hemolysins lyse red blood cells. 
C) Hyaluronidase breaks down substances between cells. 
D) Kinase destroys fibrin clots. 
E) Coagulase destroys blood clots.

Question 6

Most pathogens that gain access through the skin

Accepted Answer

A) can penetrate intact skin. 
B) just infect the skin itself. 
C) enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts. 
D) must adhere first while their invasive factors allow them to penetrate. 
E) must be injected. 
A) can penetrate intact skin. 
B) just infect the skin itself. 
C) enter through hair follicles and sweat ducts. 
D) must adhere first while their invasive factors allow them to penetrate. 
E) must be injected.

Question 7

Many pathogens use the same portal for entry and exit from the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect of viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) cell death 
B) host cells fusing to form multinucleated syncytia 
C) inclusion bodies forming in the cytoplasm or nucleus 
D) increased cell growth 
E) toxin production 
A) cell death 
B) host cells fusing to form multinucleated syncytia 
C) inclusion bodies forming in the cytoplasm or nucleus 
D) increased cell growth 
E) toxin production

Question 9

The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the

Accepted Answer

A) mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. 
B) mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. 
C) skin. 
D) parenteral route. 
E) All of these portals are used equally. 
A) mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. 
B) mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract. 
C) skin. 
D) parenteral route. 
E) All of these portals are used equally.

Question 10

Cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to

Accepted Answer

A) viral infections. 
B) protozoan infections. 
C) fungal infections. 
D) bacterial infections. 
E) helminthic infections. 
A) viral infections. 
B) protozoan infections. 
C) fungal infections. 
D) bacterial infections. 
E) helminthic infections.

Question 11

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A) numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host 
B) evasion of host defenses 
C) toxin production 
D) numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host and evasion of host defenses 
E) numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host,evasion of host defenses,and toxin production 
A) numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host 
B) evasion of host defenses 
C) toxin production 
D) numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host and evasion of host defenses 
E) numbers of microorganisms that gain access to a host,evasion of host defenses,and toxin production

Question 12

Twenty-five people developed symptoms of nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea three to six hours after attending a church picnic where they ate a ham and green bean casserole with cream sauce.The most likely cause of this case of food intoxication is

Accepted Answer

A) botulinum toxin. 
B) aflatoxin. 
C) staphylococcal enterotoxin. 
D) erythrogenic toxin. 
E) cholera toxin. 
A) botulinum toxin. 
B) aflatoxin. 
C) staphylococcal enterotoxin. 
D) erythrogenic toxin. 
E) cholera toxin.

Question 13

A retired contract administrator who enjoyed gardening sought medical attention for what appeared to be a sinus infection.He received antimicrobials but the conditioned worsened and he was experiencing severe painful spasms in his jaw.He admitted to injuring himself with a gardening tool while wearing sandals in the yard but did not seek medical attention for the wound.The man is likely experiencing

Accepted Answer

A) septic shock. 
B) LPS-mediated inflammatory response. 
C) intoxication caused by a focal C.tetani infection. 
D) allergic rhinitis. 
E) meningitis. 
A) septic shock. 
B) LPS-mediated inflammatory response. 
C) intoxication caused by a focal C.tetani infection. 
D) allergic rhinitis. 
E) meningitis.

Question 14

In response to the presence of endotoxin,phagocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor.This causes

Accepted Answer

A) the disease to subside. 
B) a decrease in blood pressure. 
C) a fever. 
D) a gram-negative infection. 
E) an increase in red blood cells. 
A) the disease to subside. 
B) a decrease in blood pressure. 
C) a fever. 
D) a gram-negative infection. 
E) an increase in red blood cells.

Question 15

Ergot and aflatoxin are toxins sometimes found in grains contaminated with fungi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Siderophores are bacterial proteins that compete with the host's

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies. 
B) red blood cells. 
C) iron-transport proteins. 
D) white blood cells. 
E) receptors. 
A) antibodies. 
B) red blood cells. 
C) iron-transport proteins. 
D) white blood cells. 
E) receptors.

Question 17

Antibiotics can kill gram-negative bacteria,but symptoms of fever and low blood pressure can persist.Why?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics can effectively kill gram-ne

Question 18

Which of the following statements about M protein is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) It is found on Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B) It is found on fimbriae. 
C) It is heat- and acid-resistant. 
D) It is readily digested by phagocytes. 
E) It is a protein. 
A) It is found on Streptococcus pyogenes. 
B) It is found on fimbriae. 
C) It is heat- and acid-resistant. 
D) It is readily digested by phagocytes. 
E) It is a protein.

Question 19

Gram-negative septic shock results from the following events.What is the second step?

Accepted Answer

A) Body temperature is reset in the hypothalamus. 
B) Fever occurs. 
C) IL-1 is released. 
D) LPS is released from gram-negative bacteria. 
E) Phagocytes ingest gram-negative bacteria. 
A) Body temperature is reset in the hypothalamus. 
B) Fever occurs. 
C) IL-1 is released. 
D) LPS is released from gram-negative bacteria. 
E) Phagocytes ingest gram-negative bacteria.

Question 20

In A-B exotoxins,the A component binds to the host cell receptor so that the B component can enter the cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 15: Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity

Bacteria such as E.coli and Salmonella produce invasins that bind host cells,thus causing the cells to

Polio is transmitted by ingestion of water contaminated with feces containing polio virus.What portal of entry does polio virus use?

Most symptoms of endotoxins can be treated with administration of anti-endotoxin antibodies.

Which is NOT specifically employed by pathogens to avoid destruction by phagocytosis?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Most pathogens that gain access through the skin

Many pathogens use the same portal for entry and exit from the body.

Which of the following is NOT a cytopathic effect of viruses?

The most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens is the

Cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to

Which of the following contributes to the virulence of a pathogen?

Twenty-five people developed symptoms of nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea three to six hours after attending a church picnic where they ate a ham and green bean casserole with cream sauce.The most likely cause of this case of food intoxication is

In response to the presence of endotoxin,phagocytes secrete tumor necrosis factor.This causes

Ergot and aflatoxin are toxins sometimes found in grains contaminated with fungi.

Siderophores are bacterial proteins that compete with the host's

Antibiotics can kill gram-negative bacteria,but symptoms of fever and low blood pressure can persist.Why?

Which of the following statements about M protein is FALSE?

Gram-negative septic shock results from the following events.What is the second step?

In A-B exotoxins,the A component binds to the host cell receptor so that the B component can enter the cell.

The Microbial World and You

Chemical Principles

Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope

Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Growth

The Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Genetics

Biotechnology and Dna Technology

Classification of Microorganisms

The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotes: Fungi, algae, protozoa, and Helminths

Viruses,viroids,and Prions

Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Practical Applications of Immunology

Disorders Associated With the Immune System

Antimicrobial Drugs

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System

Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Environmental Microbiology

Applied and Industrial Microbiology

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