Exam 14: Principles of Disease and Epidemiology

Zika virus infection,a zoonotic disease,produced somewhat sizable outbreaks recently in certain areas of Central America,but not in the U.S (although there were some infected individuals uncovered in the U.S.).Provide two plausible explanations for this dichotomy,and explain.

A disease in which the causative agent remains inactive for a time before producing symptoms is referred to as

Pseudomonas bacteria colonized the bile duct of a patient following his liver transplant surgery.This is an example of a

In which of the following patterns of disease does the patient experience no signs or symptoms?

Situation 14.1 During a six-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever ≥ 39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years. -The etiologic agent of the disease in Situation 14.1 is

A healthcare-associated infection (traditionally known as a nosocomial infection)is

Which of the following is NOT a verified exception in the use of Koch's postulates?

Reservoirs of infections are always inanimate objects.

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

Which of the following diseases is NOT spread by droplet infection?

Which of the following is a fomite?

Situation 14.1 During a six-month period, 239 cases of pneumonia occurred in a town of 300 people. A clinical case was defined as fever ≥ 39°C lasting >2 days with three or more symptoms (i.e., chills, sweats, severe headache, cough, aching muscles/joints, fatigue, or feeling ill). A laboratory-confirmed case was defined as a positive result for antibodies against Coxiella burnetii. Before the outbreak, 2000 sheep were kept northwest of the town. Of the 20 sheep tested from the flock, 15 were positive for C. burnetii antibodies. Wind blew from the northwest, and rainfall was 0.5 cm compared with 7 to 10 cm during each of the previous three years. -Situation 14.1 is an example of

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

Which of the following definitions is INCORRECT?

Emergence of infectious diseases can be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

Refer to Figure 14.3 for the next several questions. -The graph in Figure 14.3 shows the incidence of polio in the United States.The period between 1945 and 1955 indicates a(n)

Which of the following statements about healthcare-associated infections is FALSE?

Bloodstream infections are the least common forms of nosocomial infections.

Which of the following can contribute to postoperative infections?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?