Question 1

The main cause of cystine stones is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cystine intake. 
B)  immobility. 
C)  heredity. 
D)  oxalate intake. 
A)  cystine intake. 
B)  immobility. 
C)  heredity. 
D)  oxalate intake.

Question 2

The major clinical symptom of acute renal failure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  hematuria. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  oliguria. 
D)  dialysis. 
A)  hematuria. 
B)  proteinuria. 
C)  oliguria. 
D)  dialysis.

Question 3

A treatment approach that can be used to replace dialysis for clients who have chronic renal failure is:

Accepted Answer

A)  nephrectomy. 
B)  kidney transplantation. 
C)  nutritional management. 
D)  nephrostomy. 
A)  nephrectomy. 
B)  kidney transplantation. 
C)  nutritional management. 
D)  nephrostomy.

Question 4

The most common component of kidney stones is:

Accepted Answer

A)  uric acid. 
B)  cystine. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  purines. 
A)  uric acid. 
B)  cystine. 
C)  calcium. 
D)  purines.

Question 5

A client with GFR of 15 mL/min/1.73 m² has:

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 2 CKD. 
B)  stage 3 CKD. 
C)  stage 4 CKD. 
D)  stage 5 CKD. 
A)  stage 2 CKD. 
B)  stage 3 CKD. 
C)  stage 4 CKD. 
D)  stage 5 CKD.

Question 6

A problem that can occur with continual ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is:

Accepted Answer

A)  weight gain. 
B)  weight loss. 
C)  difficulty following the restricted diet. 
D)  difficulty following the fluid restriction. 
A)  weight gain. 
B)  weight loss. 
C)  difficulty following the restricted diet. 
D)  difficulty following the fluid restriction.

Question 7

The kidney structure that is responsible for filtering the blood is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  proximal tubule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  glomerulus. 
A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  proximal tubule. 
C)  distal tubule. 
D)  glomerulus.

Question 8

The factor responsible for development of most urinary tract infections is:

Accepted Answer

A)  high intake of simple sugars. 
B)  urinary obstruction. 
C)  chronic renal disease. 
D)  microorganisms. 
A)  high intake of simple sugars. 
B)  urinary obstruction. 
C)  chronic renal disease. 
D)  microorganisms.

Question 9

In young adults with chronic renal disease, daily energy intake should be:

Accepted Answer

A)  30 kcal/kg. 
B)  35 kcal/kg. 
C)  40 kcal/kg. 
D)  45 kcal/kg. 
A)  30 kcal/kg. 
B)  35 kcal/kg. 
C)  40 kcal/kg. 
D)  45 kcal/kg.

Question 10

In patients without diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is most commonly caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  systemic infections. 
B)  immune-mediated mechanisms. 
C)  hormonal and endocrine mechanisms. 
D)  dietary and lifestyle factors. 
A)  systemic infections. 
B)  immune-mediated mechanisms. 
C)  hormonal and endocrine mechanisms. 
D)  dietary and lifestyle factors.

Question 11

The most common causes of end-stage renal disease are:

Accepted Answer

A)  inadequate fluid intake and malnutrition. 
B)  high protein and sodium intakes. 
C)  hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. 
D)  kidney stones and urinary tract infections. 
A)  inadequate fluid intake and malnutrition. 
B)  high protein and sodium intakes. 
C)  hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. 
D)  kidney stones and urinary tract infections.

Question 12

One of the basic objectives of medical nutrition therapy for clients receiving dialysis is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  maintain protein and kilocalorie (kcalorie or kcal) balance. 
B)  increase serum sodium and potassium levels. 
C)  increase phosphate and calcium levels. 
D)  decrease intake of simple carbohydrates. 
A)  maintain protein and kilocalorie (kcalorie or kcal) balance. 
B)  increase serum sodium and potassium levels. 
C)  increase phosphate and calcium levels. 
D)  decrease intake of simple carbohydrates.

Question 13

The main function of the distal tubule of the nephron is:

Accepted Answer

A)  maintenance of acid-base balance. 
B)  exchange of water and sodium. 
C)  reabsorption of water. 
D)  resorption of nutrients. 
A)  maintenance of acid-base balance. 
B)  exchange of water and sodium. 
C)  reabsorption of water. 
D)  resorption of nutrients.

Question 14

In patients with CKD, sodium intake does not usually need to be restricted until GFR falls to:

Accepted Answer

A)  10 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
B)  50 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
C)  75 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
D)  100 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
A)  10 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
B)  50 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
C)  75 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
D)  100 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Question 15

Predisposing factors for renal stone formation include:

Accepted Answer

A)  untreated urinary tract infections. 
B)  staphylococcal infections. 
C)  low-protein diet. 
D)  progressive age. 
A)  untreated urinary tract infections. 
B)  staphylococcal infections. 
C)  low-protein diet. 
D)  progressive age.

Question 16

The method of dialysis that gives clients the greatest amount of freedom of mobility is:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemodialysis. 
B)  chemodialysis. 
C)  peritoneal dialysis. 
D)  renal dialysis. 
A)  hemodialysis. 
B)  chemodialysis. 
C)  peritoneal dialysis. 
D)  renal dialysis.

Question 17

A dietary component that may help protect against CKD is:

Accepted Answer

A)  omega-3 fatty acids. 
B)  dietary fiber. 
C)  phytochemicals. 
D)  high biologic value protein. 
A)  omega-3 fatty acids. 
B)  dietary fiber. 
C)  phytochemicals. 
D)  high biologic value protein.

Question 18

Regular consumption of cranberry juice may help:

Accepted Answer

A)  treat urinary tract infections. 
B)  prevent urinary tract infections. 
C)  treat kidney stones. 
D)  prevent kidney stones. 
A)  treat urinary tract infections. 
B)  prevent urinary tract infections. 
C)  treat kidney stones. 
D)  prevent kidney stones.

Question 19

Patients with chronic renal insufficiency develop anemia because their kidneys synthesize inadequate amounts of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  erythropoietin. 
C)  vitamin B₁₂. 
D)  bioavailable iron. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  erythropoietin. 
C)  vitamin B₁₂. 
D)  bioavailable iron.

Question 20

The most common symptom associated with kidney stones is:

Accepted Answer

A)  urinary tract infection. 
B)  severe pain. 
C)  acute renal failure. 
D)  gout. 
A)  urinary tract infection. 
B)  severe pain. 
C)  acute renal failure. 
D)  gout.

Exam 23: Renal Disease

The main cause of cystine stones is:

The major clinical symptom of acute renal failure is:

A treatment approach that can be used to replace dialysis for clients who have chronic renal failure is:

The most common component of kidney stones is:

A client with GFR of 15 mL/min/1.73 m² has:

A problem that can occur with continual ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is:

The kidney structure that is responsible for filtering the blood is the:

The factor responsible for development of most urinary tract infections is:

In young adults with chronic renal disease, daily energy intake should be:

In patients without diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is most commonly caused by:

The most common causes of end-stage renal disease are:

One of the basic objectives of medical nutrition therapy for clients receiving dialysis is to:

The main function of the distal tubule of the nephron is:

In patients with CKD, sodium intake does not usually need to be restricted until GFR falls to:

Predisposing factors for renal stone formation include:

The method of dialysis that gives clients the greatest amount of freedom of mobility is:

A dietary component that may help protect against CKD is:

Regular consumption of cranberry juice may help:

Patients with chronic renal insufficiency develop anemia because their kidneys synthesize inadequate amounts of:

The most common symptom associated with kidney stones is:

Nutrition and Health

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Vitamins

Minerals and Water

Energy Balance

Food Selection and Food Safety

Community Nutrition: Promoting Healthy Eating

Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition for Normal Growth and Development

Nutrition for Adults: Early, Middle, and Later Years

Nutrition and Physical Fitness

The Complexity of Obesity: Beyond Energy Balance

Nutrition Assessment and Nutrition Therapy in Patient Care

Metabolic Stress

Drug-Nutrient Interactions

Nutrition Support: Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Gastrointestinal Diseases

Diseases of the Heart, Blood Vessels, and Lungs

Diabetes Mellitus

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Aids

Cancer

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