Question 1

The recommended fluid intake for a 60-year-old woman with stage 5 CKD treated with hemodialysis who weighs 60 kg and has a urine output of 300 mL/day is:

Accepted Answer

A)  300 mL. 
B)  500 mL. 
C)  800 mL. 
D)  1300 mL. 
A)  300 mL. 
B)  500 mL. 
C)  800 mL. 
D)  1300 mL. D

Question 2

A key component in the management of clients who have kidney stones is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase fiber intake. 
B)  reduce calcium intake. 
C)  increase fluid intake. 
D)  decrease protein intake. 
A)  increase fiber intake. 
B)  reduce calcium intake. 
C)  increase fluid intake. 
D)  decrease protein intake. C

Question 3

Osteodystrophy develops because of the kidney's inability to:

Accepted Answer

A)  excrete calcium. 
B)  activate vitamin D. 
C)  reabsorb protein. 
D)  excrete urea and creatinine. 
A)  excrete calcium. 
B)  activate vitamin D. 
C)  reabsorb protein. 
D)  excrete urea and creatinine. B

Question 4

In a 45-year-old man with CKD who weighs 90 kg and is treated using hemodialysis, protein intake should be:

Accepted Answer

A)  54g. 
B)  72g. 
C)  90g. 
D)  108g. 
A)  54g. 
B)  72g. 
C)  90g. 
D)  108g.

Question 5

The main function of the proximal tubule of the glomerulus is:

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption of nutrients. 
B)  secretion of hydrogen ions to maintain acid-base balance. 
C)  exchange of water and sodium. 
D)  reabsorption of water. 
A)  reabsorption of nutrients. 
B)  secretion of hydrogen ions to maintain acid-base balance. 
C)  exchange of water and sodium. 
D)  reabsorption of water.

Question 6

Patients with CKD who have excessive sodium intakes may experience:

Accepted Answer

A)  nausea and vomiting. 
B)  excessive thirst and oliguria. 
C)  lethargy and exhaustion. 
D)  edema and hypertension. 
A)  nausea and vomiting. 
B)  excessive thirst and oliguria. 
C)  lethargy and exhaustion. 
D)  edema and hypertension.

Question 7

Sudden shutdown of renal function following traumatic or metabolic injury is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic kidney disease. 
B)  glomerulonephritis. 
C)  acute renal failure. 
D)  oliguria. 
A)  chronic kidney disease. 
B)  glomerulonephritis. 
C)  acute renal failure. 
D)  oliguria.

Question 8

The term hematuria refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduced amount of urine in relation to fluid intake. 
B)  the presence of blood in the urine. 
C)  the presence of excess serum proteins in the urine. 
D)  a complete lack of urinary excretion. 
A)  a reduced amount of urine in relation to fluid intake. 
B)  the presence of blood in the urine. 
C)  the presence of excess serum proteins in the urine. 
D)  a complete lack of urinary excretion.

Question 9

Factors that contribute to malnutrition in patients with chronic renal failure include:

Accepted Answer

A)  excessive fluid retention. 
B)  altered taste sensation. 
C)  altered bowel function. 
D)  anorexia and catabolism. 
A)  excessive fluid retention. 
B)  altered taste sensation. 
C)  altered bowel function. 
D)  anorexia and catabolism.

Question 10

Potassium intake is restricted if serum potassium level is higher than:

Accepted Answer

A)  3.5 mg/dL. 
B)  4.0 mg/dL. 
C)  5.0 mg/dL. 
D)  5.5 mg/dL. 
A)  3.5 mg/dL. 
B)  4.0 mg/dL. 
C)  5.0 mg/dL. 
D)  5.5 mg/dL.

Question 11

The laboratory test result that is generally used to predict glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinical practice is:

Accepted Answer

A)  serum creatinine level. 
B)  blood urea level. 
C)  serum albumin level. 
D)  C-reactive protein level. 
A)  serum creatinine level. 
B)  blood urea level. 
C)  serum albumin level. 
D)  C-reactive protein level.

Question 12

The main function of the loop of Henle is:

Accepted Answer

A)  maintenance of acid-base balance. 
B)  filtering the blood. 
C)  maintaining osmotic pressure. 
D)  concentration of urine. 
A)  maintenance of acid-base balance. 
B)  filtering the blood. 
C)  maintaining osmotic pressure. 
D)  concentration of urine.

Question 13

The recommended protein intake for a 35-year-old man with a GFR of 20 mL/min/1.73 m² who weighs 80 kg is:

Accepted Answer

A)  40 to 48 g/day. 
B)  48 to 60 g/day. 
C)  64 to 80 g/day. 
D)  80 to 96 g/day. 
A)  40 to 48 g/day. 
B)  48 to 60 g/day. 
C)  64 to 80 g/day. 
D)  80 to 96 g/day.

Question 14

Normal GFR is:

Accepted Answer

A)  60 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
B)  75 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
C)  125 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
D)  140 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
A)  60 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
B)  75 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
C)  125 mL/min/1.73 m2. 
D)  140 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Question 15

Factors that affect nutrition requirements in patients with acute renal failure include:

Accepted Answer

A)  age at onset of acute renal failure. 
B)  type of dialysis, if any. 
C)  degree of hypertension. 
D)  appetite level. 
A)  age at onset of acute renal failure. 
B)  type of dialysis, if any. 
C)  degree of hypertension. 
D)  appetite level.

Question 16

Normal nephron function is adversely affected by:

Accepted Answer

A)  protein deficiency. 
B)  chronic hypertension. 
C)  chronic alcohol abuse. 
D)  hepatic failure. 
A)  protein deficiency. 
B)  chronic hypertension. 
C)  chronic alcohol abuse. 
D)  hepatic failure.

Question 17

The term oliguria refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  a reduced amount of urine in relation to fluid intake. 
B)  the presence of blood in the urine. 
C)  the presence of excess serum proteins in the urine. 
D)  a complete lack of urinary excretion. 
A)  a reduced amount of urine in relation to fluid intake. 
B)  the presence of blood in the urine. 
C)  the presence of excess serum proteins in the urine. 
D)  a complete lack of urinary excretion.

Question 18

Electrolyte imbalances that occur in chronic renal failure include:

Accepted Answer

A)  high serum potassium. 
B)  low serum potassium. 
C)  high serum calcium. 
D)  low serum phosphorus. 
A)  high serum potassium. 
B)  low serum potassium. 
C)  high serum calcium. 
D)  low serum phosphorus.

Question 19

The second most common type of kidney stone is composed of:

Accepted Answer

A)  struvite. 
B)  uric acid. 
C)  cystine. 
D)  manganese. 
A)  struvite. 
B)  uric acid. 
C)  cystine. 
D)  manganese.

Question 20

Patients with renal disease usually have a chronic state of inflammation, as shown by elevated serum levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)  C-reactive protein. 
B)  prealbumin. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  white blood cells. 
A)  C-reactive protein. 
B)  prealbumin. 
C)  platelets. 
D)  white blood cells.

Exam 23: Renal Disease

The recommended fluid intake for a 60-year-old woman with stage 5 CKD treated with hemodialysis who weighs 60 kg and has a urine output of 300 mL/day is:

A key component in the management of clients who have kidney stones is to:

Osteodystrophy develops because of the kidney's inability to:

In a 45-year-old man with CKD who weighs 90 kg and is treated using hemodialysis, protein intake should be:

The main function of the proximal tubule of the glomerulus is:

Patients with CKD who have excessive sodium intakes may experience:

Sudden shutdown of renal function following traumatic or metabolic injury is called:

The term hematuria refers to:

Factors that contribute to malnutrition in patients with chronic renal failure include:

Potassium intake is restricted if serum potassium level is higher than:

The laboratory test result that is generally used to predict glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in clinical practice is:

The main function of the loop of Henle is:

The recommended protein intake for a 35-year-old man with a GFR of 20 mL/min/1.73 m² who weighs 80 kg is:

Normal GFR is:

Factors that affect nutrition requirements in patients with acute renal failure include:

Normal nephron function is adversely affected by:

The term oliguria refers to:

Electrolyte imbalances that occur in chronic renal failure include:

The second most common type of kidney stone is composed of:

Patients with renal disease usually have a chronic state of inflammation, as shown by elevated serum levels of:

Nutrition and Health

Digestion, Absorption, and Metabolism

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Minerals and Water

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Food Selection and Food Safety

Community Nutrition: Promoting Healthy Eating

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The Complexity of Obesity: Beyond Energy Balance

Nutrition Assessment and Nutrition Therapy in Patient Care

Metabolic Stress

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Nutrition Support: Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

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