Question 1

Which of the following best defines technological discontinuity?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of a dominant technological design. 
B)  It is the inability of a company to competitively sell its products because it relies on old technology or a nondominant design. 
C)  It is the phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function. 
D)  It is an approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding. 
A)  It is the phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of a dominant technological design. 
B)  It is the inability of a company to competitively sell its products because it relies on old technology or a nondominant design. 
C)  It is the phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function. 
D)  It is an approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.

Question 2

Whilph, an automobile manufacturer, launched its new compact car. The car provides the highest mileage and has the lowest price in its market segment. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Change intervention 
B)  Unfreezing 
C)  Incremental change 
D)  Refreezing 
A)  Change intervention 
B)  Unfreezing 
C)  Incremental change 
D)  Refreezing

Question 3

Gamapro, a company that manufactures gaming devices, has launched a new gaming console along with a new set of games for the new version of the console. However, the games designed for the previous versions of the consoles can also be used on the new console because of backward compatibility. Which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unfreezing 
B)  Generational change 
C)  Refreezing 
D)  Technological lockout 
A)  Unfreezing 
B)  Generational change 
C)  Refreezing 
D)  Technological lockout

Question 4

Which of the following is a difference between the inaction stage and the faulty action stage of organizational decline?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the inaction stage, managers lack awareness about changes or are unable to understand their significance, whereas in the blinded stage, managers find it difficult to change the practices and policies that previously led to success. 
B)  In the inaction stage, managers assume that if they just run a tighter ship, company performance will return to previous levels, whereas in the faulty action stage, companies typically lack the resources to fully change how they run their businesses. 
C)  In the inaction stage, the company is dissolved through bankruptcy proceedings, whereas in the faulty action stage, management recognizes the need to change but still takes no steps. 
D)  In the inaction stage, managers wait to see if organizational performance problems correct themselves, whereas in the faulty action stage, management announces belt-tightening plans designed to cut costs, increase efficiency, and restore profits. 
A)  In the inaction stage, managers lack awareness about changes or are unable to understand their significance, whereas in the blinded stage, managers find it difficult to change the practices and policies that previously led to success. 
B)  In the inaction stage, managers assume that if they just run a tighter ship, company performance will return to previous levels, whereas in the faulty action stage, companies typically lack the resources to fully change how they run their businesses. 
C)  In the inaction stage, the company is dissolved through bankruptcy proceedings, whereas in the faulty action stage, management recognizes the need to change but still takes no steps. 
D)  In the inaction stage, managers wait to see if organizational performance problems correct themselves, whereas in the faulty action stage, management announces belt-tightening plans designed to cut costs, increase efficiency, and restore profits.

Question 5

Most planning for incremental innovation:

Accepted Answer

A)  focuses on the establishment of a new dominant design. 
B)  is based on the idea of generational change. 
C)  is based on the idea of discontinuous change. 
D)  focuses on making significant improvements in performance. 
A)  focuses on the establishment of a new dominant design. 
B)  is based on the idea of generational change. 
C)  is based on the idea of discontinuous change. 
D)  focuses on making significant improvements in performance.

Question 6

In the context of managing resistance to change, which of the following is an error that managers make during the unfreezing stage?

Accepted Answer

A)  They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency. 
B)  They lack a vision for change. 
C)  They undercommunicate the vision by a factor of ten. 
D)  They do not systematically plan for short-term wins. 
A)  They do not establish a great enough sense of urgency. 
B)  They lack a vision for change. 
C)  They undercommunicate the vision by a factor of ten. 
D)  They do not systematically plan for short-term wins.

Question 7

The manual computer entry system for calculating employee attendance at Kartufly, an apparel retail store, has been replaced with a biometric system. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Technological singularity 
B)  Technological lockout 
C)  Technological substitution 
D)  Technological determinism 
A)  Technological singularity 
B)  Technological lockout 
C)  Technological substitution 
D)  Technological determinism

Question 8

In the context of managing organizational change, which of the following is a difference between unfreezing and refreezing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unfreezing takes place only at the lower levels of an organization, whereas refreezing takes place only at the higher levels of an organization. 
B)  Unfreezing occurs through coercion, whereas refreezing occurs through education and communication. 
C)  Unfreezing is getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed, whereas refreezing is supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick. 
D)  Unfreezing focuses on long-term goals, whereas refreezing focuses on short-term goals. 
A)  Unfreezing takes place only at the lower levels of an organization, whereas refreezing takes place only at the higher levels of an organization. 
B)  Unfreezing occurs through coercion, whereas refreezing occurs through education and communication. 
C)  Unfreezing is getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed, whereas refreezing is supporting and reinforcing the new changes so that they stick. 
D)  Unfreezing focuses on long-term goals, whereas refreezing focuses on short-term goals.

Question 9

Seaneng, a company that has been manufacturing printers for computers for the past 20 years, initially specialized in dot matrix printers. However, dot matrix printers were inefficient in color printing. To overcome this disadvantage, it developed and started selling inkjet and laser printers. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  A technological discontinuity 
B)  Technological lockout 
C)  Technological singularity 
D)  A technological barrier 
A)  A technological discontinuity 
B)  Technological lockout 
C)  Technological singularity 
D)  A technological barrier

Question 10

According to psychologist Kurt Lewin, managing organizational change is a basic process of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  social loafing and production blocking 
B)  forming, storming, norming, and performing 
C)  unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing 
D)  coercion, appraisal, and remediation 
A)  social loafing and production blocking 
B)  forming, storming, norming, and performing 
C)  unfreezing, change intervention, and refreezing 
D)  coercion, appraisal, and remediation

Question 11

Irolt, a company that supplies fast-moving consumer durables, recruits only graduates from top business schools as management trainees in its marketing department. The company ensures that its employees are always given challenging tasks that interest them, and the employees believe that the management welcomes innovative ideas and thoughts. In the context of managing sources of innovation, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  A creative work environment 
B)  Generational change 
C)  Technological lockout 
D)  A compression approach to innovation 
A)  A creative work environment 
B)  Generational change 
C)  Technological lockout 
D)  A compression approach to innovation

Question 12

In contrast to the experiential approach to innovation, the compression approach to innovation:

Accepted Answer

A)  aims at creating a new dominant design. 
B)  is used during periods of discontinuous change. 
C)  manages innovation in more certain environments. 
D)  assumes that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition. 
A)  aims at creating a new dominant design. 
B)  is used during periods of discontinuous change. 
C)  manages innovation in more certain environments. 
D)  assumes that the key to fast product innovation is to use intuition.

Question 13

In the context of managing innovation, identify a difference between the experiential approach and the compression approach.

Accepted Answer

A)  The experiential approach is used to manage innovation in highly certain environments, whereas the compression approach is used to manage innovation in highly uncertain environments. 
B)  The experiential approach is used during periods of incremental change, whereas the compression approach is used during periods of discontinuous change. 
C)  The general strategy in the experiential approach is to build something new, different, and substantially better, whereas the general strategy in the compression approach is to reduce the time and steps to make small, consistent improvements in performance and functionality. 
D)  The goal of the experiential approach is incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing dominant design, whereas the goal of the compression approach is the establishment of a new dominant design. 
A)  The experiential approach is used to manage innovation in highly certain environments, whereas the compression approach is used to manage innovation in highly uncertain environments. 
B)  The experiential approach is used during periods of incremental change, whereas the compression approach is used during periods of discontinuous change. 
C)  The general strategy in the experiential approach is to build something new, different, and substantially better, whereas the general strategy in the compression approach is to reduce the time and steps to make small, consistent improvements in performance and functionality. 
D)  The goal of the experiential approach is incremental improvements in the performance and function of the existing dominant design, whereas the goal of the compression approach is the establishment of a new dominant design.

Question 14

_____ is the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices.

Accepted Answer

A)  Unfreezing 
B)  Change intervention 
C)  Refreezing 
D)  Change remediation 
A)  Unfreezing 
B)  Change intervention 
C)  Refreezing 
D)  Change remediation

Question 15

One of the reasons that organizational change efforts fail is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are activity oriented rather than results oriented. 
B)  they do not focus on changing company procedures or management philosophy. 
C)  they do not focus on changing employee behavior. 
D)  they put tremendous emphasis on the effects of the introduced changes and not enough emphasis on the change process. 
A)  they are activity oriented rather than results oriented. 
B)  they do not focus on changing company procedures or management philosophy. 
C)  they do not focus on changing employee behavior. 
D)  they put tremendous emphasis on the effects of the introduced changes and not enough emphasis on the change process.

Question 16

Russeng, a travel agency, had a huge setback in its business as customers started to book travel tickets online and make their own itineraries using the information available on the Internet. It failed to take the necessary corrective measures to address this issue, and this led to an overall decrease in the company's performance. This scenario best illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  organizational decline 
B)  a design iteration 
C)  a technological discontinuity 
D)  generational change 
A)  organizational decline 
B)  a design iteration 
C)  a technological discontinuity 
D)  generational change

Question 17

In the context of creative work environments, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Numerous studies have indicated that creative ideas thrive under conditions of freedom. 
B)  Organizational encouragement of creativity occurs when supervisors provide clear goals. 
C)  Workers become bored when they do less than is required of them. 
D)  Work is less challenging when it demands attention and focus. 
A)  Numerous studies have indicated that creative ideas thrive under conditions of freedom. 
B)  Organizational encouragement of creativity occurs when supervisors provide clear goals. 
C)  Workers become bored when they do less than is required of them. 
D)  Work is less challenging when it demands attention and focus.

Question 18

Waltert, a cell phone manufacturer, has been the market leader in the country of Besmagia ever since cell phones were introduced in the country. None of the other domestic or foreign cell phone brands have been able to match the high quality and low price that Waltert's products offer. In the context of innovation streams, Waltert most likely has a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed working capital 
B)  distinctive competence 
C)  fiduciary responsibility 
D)  matrix organization structure 
A)  fixed working capital 
B)  distinctive competence 
C)  fiduciary responsibility 
D)  matrix organization structure

Question 19

In the context of organizational development, the purpose of person-focused interventions is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  assess how a group functions and help it work more effectively to accomplish its goals. 
B)  increase interpersonal effectiveness by helping people to become aware of their attitudes. 
C)  change the character and performance of an organization, business unit, or department. 
D)  help a work group establish short- and long-term goals. 
A)  assess how a group functions and help it work more effectively to accomplish its goals. 
B)  increase interpersonal effectiveness by helping people to become aware of their attitudes. 
C)  change the character and performance of an organization, business unit, or department. 
D)  help a work group establish short- and long-term goals.

Question 20

Musccanic Inc., a company that manufactures microprocessors, updates the technology used in its microprocessors once every four years. A study conducted by the R&D team of the company revealed that the microprocessors' growth rate is initially slow, then becomes rapid, and eventually becomes slow again toward the end of the four-year cycle. In the context of technology cycles, this scenario best illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a compression approach to innovation 
B)  resistance to change 
C)  technological lockout 
D)  the S-curve pattern of innovation 
A)  a compression approach to innovation 
B)  resistance to change 
C)  technological lockout 
D)  the S-curve pattern of innovation

Which of the following best defines technological discontinuity?

Whilph, an automobile manufacturer, launched its new compact car. The car provides the highest mileage and has the lowest price in its market segment. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

Which of the following is a difference between the inaction stage and the faulty action stage of organizational decline?

Most planning for incremental innovation:

In the context of managing resistance to change, which of the following is an error that managers make during the unfreezing stage?

The manual computer entry system for calculating employee attendance at Kartufly, an apparel retail store, has been replaced with a biometric system. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

In the context of managing organizational change, which of the following is a difference between unfreezing and refreezing?

According to psychologist Kurt Lewin, managing organizational change is a basic process of _____.

In contrast to the experiential approach to innovation, the compression approach to innovation:

In the context of managing innovation, identify a difference between the experiential approach and the compression approach.

_____ is the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices.

One of the reasons that organizational change efforts fail is that:

In the context of creative work environments, which of the following statements is true?

In the context of organizational development, the purpose of person-focused interventions is to:

Management

The History of Management

Organizational Environments and Cultures

Ethics and Social Responsibility

Planning and Decision Making

Organizational Strategy

Global Management

Designing Adaptive Organizations

Managing Teams

Managing Human Resource Systems

Managing Individuals and a Diverse Workforce

Motivation

Leadership

Managing Communication

Control

Managing Information

Managing Service and Manufacturing Operations

Filters

Exam 7: Innovation and Change

Which of the following best defines technological discontinuity?

Whilph, an automobile manufacturer, launched its new compact car. The car provides the highest mileage and has the lowest price in its market segment. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

Which of the following is a difference between the inaction stage and the faulty action stage of organizational decline?

Most planning for incremental innovation:

In the context of managing resistance to change, which of the following is an error that managers make during the unfreezing stage?

The manual computer entry system for calculating employee attendance at Kartufly, an apparel retail store, has been replaced with a biometric system. In the context of innovation streams, which of the following concepts does this scenario best illustrate?

In the context of managing organizational change, which of the following is a difference between unfreezing and refreezing?

According to psychologist Kurt Lewin, managing organizational change is a basic process of _____.

In contrast to the experiential approach to innovation, the compression approach to innovation:

In the context of managing innovation, identify a difference between the experiential approach and the compression approach.

_____ is the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices.

One of the reasons that organizational change efforts fail is that:

In the context of creative work environments, which of the following statements is true?

In the context of organizational development, the purpose of person-focused interventions is to:

Management

The History of Management

Organizational Environments and Cultures

Ethics and Social Responsibility

Planning and Decision Making

Organizational Strategy

Global Management

Designing Adaptive Organizations

Managing Teams

Managing Human Resource Systems

Managing Individuals and a Diverse Workforce

Motivation

Leadership

Managing Communication

Control

Managing Information

Managing Service and Manufacturing Operations

Filters