Question 1

Which statement is false concerning exercise, free radicals, and oxidative stress?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise produces free radicals via an electron leak in the mitochondria, probably at the cytochrome level, that produces superoxide radicals. 
B)  The potential for free radical damage increases during trauma, stress, and muscle damage, and from environmental pollutants including smog. 
C)  The risk of oxidative stress depends on exercise intensity and the participant's state of training because exhaustive exercise by the untrained more likely produces oxidative damage in the active muscles. 
D)  If supplementation proves beneficial, vitamin K may be the most important antioxidant related to exercise. 
A)  Exercise produces free radicals via an electron leak in the mitochondria, probably at the cytochrome level, that produces superoxide radicals. 
B)  The potential for free radical damage increases during trauma, stress, and muscle damage, and from environmental pollutants including smog. 
C)  The risk of oxidative stress depends on exercise intensity and the participant's state of training because exhaustive exercise by the untrained more likely produces oxidative damage in the active muscles. 
D)  If supplementation proves beneficial, vitamin K may be the most important antioxidant related to exercise.

Question 2

Chronic fatigue experienced during workouts and in subsequent recovery periods that increase incidence of infections and persistent muscle soreness: __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  fibromyalgia 
B)  overtraining syndrome 
C)  chronic fatigue syndrome 
D)  iron deficiency anemia 
A)  fibromyalgia 
B)  overtraining syndrome 
C)  chronic fatigue syndrome 
D)  iron deficiency anemia

Question 3

Eating a low-carbohydrate diet with adequate energy intake conserves muscle protein in individuals who train intensely.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

This type of exercise severely impairs the body's first line of defense against infection.

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolonged low-intensity exercise 
B)  Short-term anaerobic exercise 
C)  Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise 
D)  Prolonged exhaustive aerobic exercise 
A)  Prolonged low-intensity exercise 
B)  Short-term anaerobic exercise 
C)  Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise 
D)  Prolonged exhaustive aerobic exercise

Question 5

Proper use of the Dietary Guidelines results in nutritional practices that reduce the incidence of obesity, hypertension, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The immune system has two functional divisions known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  innate and acquired immunity 
B)  natural and unnatural immunity 
C)  covert and overt immunity 
D)  subjective and objective immunity 
A)  innate and acquired immunity 
B)  natural and unnatural immunity 
C)  covert and overt immunity 
D)  subjective and objective immunity

Question 7

An objective assessment of energy and nutrient intake provides the frame of reference for judging the adequacy of one's diet in relation to recommended guidelines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Typical strength trainers benefit from taking high doses of amino acid supplements to provide required "building blocks" to increase muscle mass.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A score of 10 or higher on the Diet Quality Index indicates a healthy diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The Healthy Eating Index was designed for nutrition promotion activities and to monitor changes in diet quality over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

__________, produced at a greater rate during aerobic exercise than at rest, can cause damage to the cells' plasma membrane and intracellular structures.

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen ions 
B)  Free radicals 
C)  Homocysteine and lactate 
D)  Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide 
A)  Hydrogen ions 
B)  Free radicals 
C)  Homocysteine and lactate 
D)  Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide

Question 12

This type of exercise boosts natural immune functions and host defenses.

Accepted Answer

A)  Low-intensity 
B)  Moderate-intensity 
C)  High-intensity 
D)  Anaerobic 
A)  Low-intensity 
B)  Moderate-intensity 
C)  High-intensity 
D)  Anaerobic

Question 13

Athletes who train intensely should consume between __________ of protein per kg of body mass daily.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.8 and 1.2 grams 
B)  1.2 and 1.6 grams 
C)  1.8 and 2.2 grams 
D)  2.2 and 2.8 grams 
A)  0.8 and 1.2 grams 
B)  1.2 and 1.6 grams 
C)  1.8 and 2.2 grams 
D)  2.2 and 2.8 grams

Question 14

For males and females in the U.S. population, energy intakes peak between ages 16 and 29 and then decline for succeeding age groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The AHA guidelines recommend a daily dose of aspirin for which individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those who have no risk of a heart attack 
B)  Those who are on blood thinning medications 
C)  Everyone 
D)  Those who have already suffered a heart attack or stroke 
A)  Those who have no risk of a heart attack 
B)  Those who are on blood thinning medications 
C)  Everyone 
D)  Those who have already suffered a heart attack or stroke

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding amino acid supplement use?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most individuals do not obtain adequate protein to sustain muscle growth with resistance training by consuming ordinary foods in a well-balanced diet. 
B)  The use of amino acid supplements increases muscle mass and improves muscular strength, power, and endurance. 
C)  The body absorbs complex amino acids more readily than simple amino acids. 
D)  The healthy intestine absorbs amino acids rapidly when they exist in both complex and simpler form. 
A)  Most individuals do not obtain adequate protein to sustain muscle growth with resistance training by consuming ordinary foods in a well-balanced diet. 
B)  The use of amino acid supplements increases muscle mass and improves muscular strength, power, and endurance. 
C)  The body absorbs complex amino acids more readily than simple amino acids. 
D)  The healthy intestine absorbs amino acids rapidly when they exist in both complex and simpler form.

Question 17

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans do not address physical activity recommendations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The open-window hypothesis maintains that an inordinate increase in training or actual competition exposes even the highly conditioned person to "nonnormal" stress that depresses NK cell function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

It is believed that __________ acts as an antioxidant within the respiratory chain.

Accepted Answer

A)  coenzyme Q10 
B)  iron 
C)  selenium 
D)  copper 
A)  coenzyme Q10 
B)  iron 
C)  selenium 
D)  copper

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of vitamin-mineral supplements and physical activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a little amount of a vitamin or mineral is beneficial, consuming more will be better. 
B)  Research shows that vitamin-mineral supplements benefit athletic performance. 
C)  No exercise benefit exists for vitamins C and E with intakes above recommended values. 
D)  Supplementing with vitamin C benefits endurance performance. 
A)  If a little amount of a vitamin or mineral is beneficial, consuming more will be better. 
B)  Research shows that vitamin-mineral supplements benefit athletic performance. 
C)  No exercise benefit exists for vitamins C and E with intakes above recommended values. 
D)  Supplementing with vitamin C benefits endurance performance.

Which statement is false concerning exercise, free radicals, and oxidative stress?

Chronic fatigue experienced during workouts and in subsequent recovery periods that increase incidence of infections and persistent muscle soreness: __________.

Eating a low-carbohydrate diet with adequate energy intake conserves muscle protein in individuals who train intensely.

This type of exercise severely impairs the body's first line of defense against infection.

Proper use of the Dietary Guidelines results in nutritional practices that reduce the incidence of obesity, hypertension, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes.

The immune system has two functional divisions known as __________.

An objective assessment of energy and nutrient intake provides the frame of reference for judging the adequacy of one's diet in relation to recommended guidelines.

Typical strength trainers benefit from taking high doses of amino acid supplements to provide required "building blocks" to increase muscle mass.

A score of 10 or higher on the Diet Quality Index indicates a healthy diet.

The Healthy Eating Index was designed for nutrition promotion activities and to monitor changes in diet quality over time.

__________, produced at a greater rate during aerobic exercise than at rest, can cause damage to the cells' plasma membrane and intracellular structures.

This type of exercise boosts natural immune functions and host defenses.

Athletes who train intensely should consume between __________ of protein per kg of body mass daily.

For males and females in the U.S. population, energy intakes peak between ages 16 and 29 and then decline for succeeding age groups.

The AHA guidelines recommend a daily dose of aspirin for which individuals?

Which of the following statements is true regarding amino acid supplement use?

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans do not address physical activity recommendations.

The open-window hypothesis maintains that an inordinate increase in training or actual competition exposes even the highly conditioned person to "nonnormal" stress that depresses NK cell function.

It is believed that __________ acts as an antioxidant within the respiratory chain.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of vitamin-mineral supplements and physical activity?

The Macronutrients

The Micronutrients and Water

Nutrient Digestion and Absorption

Nutrient Role in Bioenergetics

Macronutrient Metabolism

Measurement of Energy in Food

Nutritional Considerations for Intense

Making Wise Choices in the Nutrition

Physical Activity- Thermoregulation

Pharmacologic and Chemical Ergogenic

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids Evaluated

Body Composition Assessment

Energy Balance, Physical Activity

Disordered Eating

Filters

Exam 7: Making Informed and Healthful Nutritional

Which statement is false concerning exercise, free radicals, and oxidative stress?

Chronic fatigue experienced during workouts and in subsequent recovery periods that increase incidence of infections and persistent muscle soreness: __________.

Eating a low-carbohydrate diet with adequate energy intake conserves muscle protein in individuals who train intensely.

This type of exercise severely impairs the body's first line of defense against infection.

Proper use of the Dietary Guidelines results in nutritional practices that reduce the incidence of obesity, hypertension, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes.

The immune system has two functional divisions known as __________.

An objective assessment of energy and nutrient intake provides the frame of reference for judging the adequacy of one's diet in relation to recommended guidelines.

Typical strength trainers benefit from taking high doses of amino acid supplements to provide required "building blocks" to increase muscle mass.

A score of 10 or higher on the Diet Quality Index indicates a healthy diet.

The Healthy Eating Index was designed for nutrition promotion activities and to monitor changes in diet quality over time.

__________, produced at a greater rate during aerobic exercise than at rest, can cause damage to the cells' plasma membrane and intracellular structures.

This type of exercise boosts natural immune functions and host defenses.

Athletes who train intensely should consume between __________ of protein per kg of body mass daily.

For males and females in the U.S. population, energy intakes peak between ages 16 and 29 and then decline for succeeding age groups.

The AHA guidelines recommend a daily dose of aspirin for which individuals?

Which of the following statements is true regarding amino acid supplement use?

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans do not address physical activity recommendations.

The open-window hypothesis maintains that an inordinate increase in training or actual competition exposes even the highly conditioned person to "nonnormal" stress that depresses NK cell function.

It is believed that __________ acts as an antioxidant within the respiratory chain.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of vitamin-mineral supplements and physical activity?

The Macronutrients

The Micronutrients and Water

Nutrient Digestion and Absorption

Nutrient Role in Bioenergetics

Macronutrient Metabolism

Measurement of Energy in Food

Nutritional Considerations for Intense

Making Wise Choices in the Nutrition

Physical Activity- Thermoregulation

Pharmacologic and Chemical Ergogenic

Nutritional Ergogenic Aids Evaluated

Body Composition Assessment

Energy Balance, Physical Activity

Disordered Eating

Filters