Exam 7: Making Informed and Healthful Nutritional

Choosing foods from a variety of sources creates a diet that contains sufficient amounts of all required nutrients.

More than 60% of the U.S. population fail to incorporate even a moderate level of activity into their lives, and 25% of the U.S. population are not physically active at all.

Increased protein catabolism during endurance activity and intense training often mirrors the metabolic mixture during short-term starvation.

__________ associates with sustained poor exercise performance, frequent infections particularly of the loss of interest in high-level training, and injuries.

The overtraining syndrome reflects chronic fatigue experienced during workouts and in subsequent recovery periods, increased incidence of infections, persistent muscle soreness, and general malaise and loss of interest in sustaining high-level training.

Athletes who undergo intense endurance training should consume __________ g of carbohydrate per kg of body mass on a daily basis.

Nonessential amino acid that plays an important role in normal immune function?

A vitamin megadose exceeds the RDA by at least __________ fold.

Recent government guidelines for good nutrition emphasize specific numeric goals for different individual nutrients.

The USDA designed the Healthy Eating Index to evaluate how well a person's diet conforms to the __________.

People who follow a Mediterranean-style diet are less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease compared with individuals who avoid this diet.

Current acceptable __________ intake ranges between 20% and 35% of caloric intake.

The __________ hypothesis posits that an inordinate increase in training or actual competition exposes the person to "nonnormal" stress that depresses NK cell immune function?

A score of 4 or less on the Diet Quality Index indicates a __________.

Vigorous physical activity triggers a rapid and coordinated release of the hormones vasopressin and aldosterone and the enzyme renin to minimize sodium and water loss through the kidneys.

A bout of moderate physical activity boosts natural immune function and host defenses for up to several hours.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend an increased intake of trans fats.

The study of the interactions of physical, environmental, and psychological factors on immune function is known as __________.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans suggest an optimal sodium intake that ranges between 2400 and 3500 mg·day^-1.

Gymnasts, ballet dancers, ice dancers, and weight-class athletes in boxing, wrestling, and judo who engage in arduous training are at risk for marginal or inadequate nutrition.