Question 1

Which of the following applies to cleft palate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mandibular processes do not fuse. 
B)  The hard and soft palates do not fuse during the first trimester of pregnancy. 
C)  Exposure to environmental factors in the last trimester causes the defect. 
D)  Speech and eating are not affected. 
A)  The mandibular processes do not fuse. 
B)  The hard and soft palates do not fuse during the first trimester of pregnancy. 
C)  Exposure to environmental factors in the last trimester causes the defect. 
D)  Speech and eating are not affected.

Question 2

Oral candidiasis is considered to:

Accepted Answer

A)  be a common bacterial infection in infants and young children. 
B)  cause painful ulcerations in the mucosa and tongue. 
C)  cause white patches in the mucosa that cannot be scraped off. 
D)  be an opportunistic fungal infection of the mouth. 
A)  be a common bacterial infection in infants and young children. 
B)  cause painful ulcerations in the mucosa and tongue. 
C)  cause white patches in the mucosa that cannot be scraped off. 
D)  be an opportunistic fungal infection of the mouth.

Question 3

The presence of food in the intestine stimulates intestinal activity but inhibits gastric activity through the:

Accepted Answer

A)  defecation reflex. 
B)  enterogastric reflex. 
C)  vomiting reflex. 
D)  autodigestive reflex. 
A)  defecation reflex. 
B)  enterogastric reflex. 
C)  vomiting reflex. 
D)  autodigestive reflex.

Question 4

What is a common cause of hiatal hernia?

Accepted Answer

A)  An abnormally long esophagus 
B)  Increased intra-abdominal pressure 
C)  Stenosis of the hiatus in the diaphragm 
D)  A small fundus in the stomach 
A)  An abnormally long esophagus 
B)  Increased intra-abdominal pressure 
C)  Stenosis of the hiatus in the diaphragm 
D)  A small fundus in the stomach

Question 5

Which of the following individuals is likely to develop acute gastritis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A long-term, heavy cigarette smoker 
B)  Patient with arthritis taking enteric-coated aspirin on a daily basis 
C)  A person with an autoimmune reaction in the gastric mucosa 
D)  An individual with an allergy to shellfish 
A)  A long-term, heavy cigarette smoker 
B)  Patient with arthritis taking enteric-coated aspirin on a daily basis 
C)  A person with an autoimmune reaction in the gastric mucosa 
D)  An individual with an allergy to shellfish

Question 6

Which term refers to an inflammation usually related to infection of the bile ducts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cholelithiasis 
B)  Cholecystitis 
C)  Cholangitis 
D)  Choledocholithiasis 
A)  Cholelithiasis 
B)  Cholecystitis 
C)  Cholangitis 
D)  Choledocholithiasis

Question 7

What usually initiates acute appendicitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infection in the appendix 
B)  An episode of severe diarrhea 
C)  Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix 
D)  Eating a low-fiber diet 
A)  Infection in the appendix 
B)  An episode of severe diarrhea 
C)  Obstruction of the lumen of the appendix 
D)  Eating a low-fiber diet

Question 8

A patient with acquired pyloric stenosis would likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  have an increase in appetite. 
B)  have chronic diarrhea. 
C)  develop severe colicky pains. 
D)  vomit undigested food from previous meals. 
A)  have an increase in appetite. 
B)  have chronic diarrhea. 
C)  develop severe colicky pains. 
D)  vomit undigested food from previous meals.

Question 9

Identify a major reason making it difficult to prevent the spread of hepatitis B.

Accepted Answer

A)  A vaccine is not available. 
B)  The incubation period is too short to track contacts. 
C)  Infection is often asymptomatic. 
D)  Antibodies are not produced. 
A)  A vaccine is not available. 
B)  The incubation period is too short to track contacts. 
C)  Infection is often asymptomatic. 
D)  Antibodies are not produced.

Question 10

In patients with cirrhosis, serum ammonia may increase when:

Accepted Answer

A)  ingesting excessive lipids. 
B)  bleeding occurs in the digestive tract. 
C)  an increase in unconjugated bilirubin occurs in the serum. 
D)  less bile is produced. 
A)  ingesting excessive lipids. 
B)  bleeding occurs in the digestive tract. 
C)  an increase in unconjugated bilirubin occurs in the serum. 
D)  less bile is produced.

Question 11

To which site does colon cancer usually first metastasize?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lungs 
B)  Stomach 
C)  Liver 
D)  Spleen 
A)  Lungs 
B)  Stomach 
C)  Liver 
D)  Spleen

Question 12

What causes massive inflammation and necrosis in acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of multiple thrombi and ischemia 
B)  Infection by intestinal microbes 
C)  Immune complex reaction 
D)  Autodigestion of tissue by pancreatic enzymes 
A)  Formation of multiple thrombi and ischemia 
B)  Infection by intestinal microbes 
C)  Immune complex reaction 
D)  Autodigestion of tissue by pancreatic enzymes

Question 13

Which of the following is/are related to post-hepatic jaundice?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pruritic skin and light-colored stools 
B)  Dark-colored stools and urine 
C)  Increased serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin 
D)  Loss of all metabolic functions 
A)  Pruritic skin and light-colored stools 
B)  Dark-colored stools and urine 
C)  Increased serum levels of unconjugated bilirubin 
D)  Loss of all metabolic functions

Question 14

When highly acidic chyme enters the duodenum, which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic secretions that contains very high bicarbonate ion content?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastrin 
B)  Secretin 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Histamine 
A)  Gastrin 
B)  Secretin 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Histamine

Question 15

Bilirubin is a product of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) and breakdown of hemoglobin. 
B)  production of excess chyme and bile. 
C)  mixing of undigested food and gastric secretions. 
D)  accumulation of white blood cells (WBCs) due to infection. 
A)  hemolysis of red blood cells (RBCs) and breakdown of hemoglobin. 
B)  production of excess chyme and bile. 
C)  mixing of undigested food and gastric secretions. 
D)  accumulation of white blood cells (WBCs) due to infection.

Question 16

At what stage of alcoholic liver disease can the damage be reversed?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can never be reversed 
B)  Initial stage 
C)  Alcoholic hepatitis stage 
D)  End-stage cirrhosis 
A)  It can never be reversed 
B)  Initial stage 
C)  Alcoholic hepatitis stage 
D)  End-stage cirrhosis

Question 17

Which of the following applies to the act of swallowing?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires coordination of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII. 
B)  It is entirely voluntary. 
C)  It is controlled by a center in the hypothalamus. 
D)  It does not affect respiration. 
A)  It requires coordination of cranial nerves V, IX, X, and XII. 
B)  It is entirely voluntary. 
C)  It is controlled by a center in the hypothalamus. 
D)  It does not affect respiration.

Question 18

What is the major effect when a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intrahepatic jaundice 
B)  Acute pancreatitis 
C)  Severe colicky pain in upper right quadrant 
D)  Inflammation and infection in the gallbladder 
A)  Intrahepatic jaundice 
B)  Acute pancreatitis 
C)  Severe colicky pain in upper right quadrant 
D)  Inflammation and infection in the gallbladder

Question 19

Stools that are more liquid and contain mucus and frank blood are typical of:

Accepted Answer

A)  diverticulitis. 
B)  ulcerative colitis. 
C)  Crohn's disease. 
D)  celiac disease. 
A)  diverticulitis. 
B)  ulcerative colitis. 
C)  Crohn's disease. 
D)  celiac disease.

Question 20

Predisposing factors to cholelithiasis include excessive:

Accepted Answer

A)  bilirubin or cholesterol concentration in the bile. 
B)  water content in the bile. 
C)  bile salts in the bile. 
D)  bicarbonate ions in the bile. 
A)  bilirubin or cholesterol concentration in the bile. 
B)  water content in the bile. 
C)  bile salts in the bile. 
D)  bicarbonate ions in the bile.

Exam 17: Digestive System Disorders

Which of the following applies to cleft palate?

Oral candidiasis is considered to:

The presence of food in the intestine stimulates intestinal activity but inhibits gastric activity through the:

What is a common cause of hiatal hernia?

Which of the following individuals is likely to develop acute gastritis?

Which term refers to an inflammation usually related to infection of the bile ducts?

What usually initiates acute appendicitis?

A patient with acquired pyloric stenosis would likely:

Identify a major reason making it difficult to prevent the spread of hepatitis B.

In patients with cirrhosis, serum ammonia may increase when:

To which site does colon cancer usually first metastasize?

What causes massive inflammation and necrosis in acute pancreatitis?

Which of the following is/are related to post-hepatic jaundice?

When highly acidic chyme enters the duodenum, which hormone stimulates the release of pancreatic secretions that contains very high bicarbonate ion content?

Bilirubin is a product of:

At what stage of alcoholic liver disease can the damage be reversed?

Which of the following applies to the act of swallowing?

What is the major effect when a gallstone obstructs the cystic duct?

Stools that are more liquid and contain mucus and frank blood are typical of:

Predisposing factors to cholelithiasis include excessive:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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